HIV Testing and Tolerance to Gender Based Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zambia

Gari, Sara; Malungo, J.R.S.; Martin-Hilber, Adriane; Schindler, Christian; Merten, Sonja

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071922

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…For this purpose, percentages, means and standard deviations will be computed. To assess self-efficacy and decision-making power, indices will be built using Mokken analysis, which is a nonparametric procedure based on item-response theory that has been used to assess similar scales in previous studies [55,56]. Differences between education level, rural and urban populations will be assessed statistically using Chi2 tests for different degrees of freedom for categorical variables, or using ttests for continuous variables.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a complex gender-transformative intervention on maternal and child health outcomes in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: protocol of a longitudinal parallel mixed-methods study

et al. 2020

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Background: In the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) programs targeting women are implemented. In the context of the 'Mawe Tatu' program more equitable intra-household decision-making is stipulated by accompanying women's participation in VSLAs with efforts to engage men for more gender equality, expecting a positive effect of this combined intervention on the household economy, on child nutritional status, on the use of reproductive health services including family planning, and on reducing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Methods: A longitudinal parallel mixed method study is conducted among women participating in VSLAs in randomly selected project areas and among a control group matched for socioeconomic characteristics. Descriptive statistics will be calculated and differences between intervention and control groups will be assessed by Chi2 tests for different degrees of freedom for categorical data or by t-tests for continuous data. Structural equation modelling (SEM) will be conducted to investigate the complex and multidimensional pathways that will affect household economic status, child nutritional status and use of reproductive health services. Analysis will be conducted with STATA V.15. Concomitantly, qualitative data collection will shed light on the intra-household processes related to gender powerrelations that may be linked to women's participation in economic activities and may lead to improvements of maternal and child health. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews will be conducted. All narrative data will be coded (open coding) with the help of qualitative data analysis software (Atlas TI). Discussion: Women's empowerment has long been identified as being able to bring about progress in various areas, including health. It has been shown that men's commitment to transforming gender norms is a sinequanone factor for greater equity and better health, especially in terms of reproductive health and child nutrition. This study is one of the first in this genre in DRC and results will serve as a guide for policies aimed at improving the involvement of men in changing attitudes towards gender norms for higher household productivity and better health.

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Section: Statistical Analysis Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a complex gender-transformative intervention on maternal and child health outcomes in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: protocol of a longitudinal parallel mixed-methods study

et al. 2020

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“…32,45,46,50 Inequitable gender attitudes and personal tolerance of gender-based violence are also important deterrents. 35 …”

Section: Hiv Testing and Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,54–56 Similarly, gender inequality results in compromised decision-making autonomy for women and undermines testing. 32,35 …”

Section: Hiv Testing and Counselingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Health Communication Across the HIV Treatment Continuum

Babalola

Lith

Mallalieu

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…This process identified six articles, as summarised in Table 1: three from 2013, [45][46][47] two from 2012 48,49 and one from 2009. 50 All of the articles presented studies conducted in low-and middleincome countries, with one study each from Armenia, Tanzania and Zambia, and three from South Africa.…”

Section: Hiv and Violence: What Does The Literature Say About Who Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and gender-based violence: welcome policies and programmes, but is the research keeping up?

Gruskin

Safreed-Harmon

Moore

et al. 2014

Reproductive Health Matters

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Abstract:The global HIV policy arena has seen a surge of interest in gender-related dimensions of vulnerability to HIV and violence. UNAIDS and other prominent actors have named gender-based violence a key priority, and there seems to be genuine understanding and commitment to addressing gender inequalities as they impact key populations in the AIDS response. In the quest for evidence-informed interventions, there is usually a strong connection between the research conducted and the policies and programmes that follow. Regarding gender, HIV and violence, is this the case? This discussion paper asks whether the relevant peer-reviewed literature is suitably representative of all affected populations -including heterosexual men, transgender men and women, women who have sex with women, and men who have sex with men -as well as whether the literature sufficiently considers gender norms and dynamics in how research is framed. Conclusions about violence in the context of heterosexual relationships, and with specific attention to heterosexual women, should not be presented as insights about gender-based violence more generally, with little attention to gender dynamics. Research framed by a more comprehensive understanding of what is meant by gender-based violence as it relates to all of the diverse populations affected by HIV would potentially guide policies and programmes more effectively. © 2014 Reproductive Health Matters Keywords: HIV, AIDS, gender, violence, gender-based violence Gender-based violence as both a cause and consequence of HIV raises significant health and human rights concerns. In recent years, the global HIV policy arena has seen a surge of interest in gender-related dimensions of vulnerability to HIV and violence, resulting in notable policy and programmatic advances with the aim of addressing gender-based violence. Policy directives addressing HIV, gender and violence would seem to call for an evidence base that elucidates how HIV-related violence is mediated by gender roles, norms and dynamics. However, it is not clear that the bulk of empirical research has kept pace with these developments. Within the global policy realm, the concept of gender as a set of norms, as a structurally and institutionally supported system of social relations and as a socially constructed identity, is understood to be distinct from the concept of biological sex. Although the term gender-based violence implicitly recognizes this distinction, the key question is whether researchers are publishing studies that provide insight into how and why gender matters in relation to HIV and violence.The purpose of this discussion paper is to raise two concerns about the peer-reviewed literature at the intersection of HIV and violence. representative of all highly affected populationswomen and girls; men and boys; men who have sex with men (MSM); and transgender populations. Second, we look at how the concept of gender-based violence as connected to HIV research may get conflated with the concept of violence against women, and how a...

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HIV Testing and Tolerance to Gender Based Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study in Zambia

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

Impact of a complex gender-transformative intervention on maternal and child health outcomes in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: protocol of a longitudinal parallel mixed-methods study

Impact of a complex gender-transformative intervention on maternal and child health outcomes in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: protocol of a longitudinal parallel mixed-methods study

A Framework for Health Communication Across the HIV Treatment Continuum

HIV and gender-based violence: welcome policies and programmes, but is the research keeping up?

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