HIV Superinfection

Smith, Davey M.; Richman, Douglas D.; Little, Susan J.

doi:10.1086/431682

Cited by 166 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…When both partners are living with HIV, possible re-infection with HIV has to be considered, 12 although there is still uncertainty regarding the risk and consequences of re-infection. 13,14 These issues may be perceived differently depending on factors such as living in a resource-poor country with limited access to both antiretroviral therapy and STI diagnosis and treatment and the level of condom use. 15 Regarding demand for contraception, some studies have pointed out that in the absence of HIV-related symptoms, the impact of having HIV on people's decisions regarding childbearing and contraceptive use is generally weak.…”

Section: Fertility-related Needs Of Women and Men Living With Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and Fertility

Delvaux¹,

Nöstlinger

2007

Reproductive Health Matters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

From a policy and programmatic point of view, this paper reviews the literature on the fertility-related needs of women and men living with HIV and how the entry points represented by family planning, sexually transmitted infection and HIV-related services can ensure access to contraception, abortion and fertility services for women and men living with HIV. Most contraceptive methods are safe and effective for HIV positive women and men. The existing range of contraceptive options should be available to people living with HIV, along with more information about and access to emergency contraception. Potential drug interaction must be considered between hormonal contraception and treatment for tuberculosis and certain antiretroviral drugs. Couples living with HIV who wish to use a permanent contraceptive method should have access to female sterilisation and vasectomy in an informed manner, free of coercion. How to promote condoms and dual protection and how to make them acceptable in long term-relationships remains a challenge. Both surgical and medical abortion are safe for women living with HIV. To reduce risk of vertical transmission of HIV and in cases of infertility, people with HIV should have access to sperm washing and other assisted conception methods, if these are available. Simple and cost-effective procedures to reduce risk of vertical transmission should be part of counselling for women and men living with HIV who intend to have children. Support for the reproductive rights of people with HIV is a priority. More operations research on best practices is needed. A2007 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved.

show abstract

Section: Fertility-related Needs Of Women and Men Living With Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and Fertility

Delvaux¹,

Nöstlinger

2007

Reproductive Health Matters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For this reason, HIV dual infection and recombination pose major challenges to vaccine design and can hinder the evaluation of the success of efficacy trials. Dual infection has been associated with accelerated disease progression (reviewed by Smith et al, 2005) and increas-0376-8716/$ -see front matter © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Kijak

Beyrer

Tovanabutra

et al. 2011

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

b s t r a c tBackground: Dual infection with diverse HIV strains can foster the emergence of recombinants. The resulting increase in viral genetic diversity is a major challenge for vaccine development HIV treatment. In this study we aim to investigate the socio demographic factors associated with an increasing level of genetic diversity among HIV strains in a population of drug-users in Northern Thailand. Methods: From 1999 through 2000, 2231 volunteers were enrolled in the Opiate-Users Research in Chiang Mai, Thailand. HIV subtype analysis was conducted among those HIV-1 seropositive (n = 347) using a multi-region hybridization assay. Social and demographic variables were assessed using a structured questionnaire.Results: Overall, 336/347 (96.8%) of the samples could be typed. 81.8% were CRF01 AE, 3.9% were subtype B, 9.2% were recombinants (mostly between CRF01 AE and B) and 5.1% were dual infections. Dual infections were more frequent among those with a lower education level (AOR: 5.2; 95% CI 1.4-20.3), those who have initiated injecting in the last 3 years (AOR: 3.9; 95% CI 1.1-14.6), and those reporting frequent needle sharing in the last 3 months (AOR: 7.0; 95% CI 1.5-34.1). Both recombinant strains and dual infection were more frequent among those reporting frequent needle sharing in the last 3 months (AOR: 5.3; 95% CI 1.6-17.1). Conclusion: To limit the expanding complexity of HIV-1 strains, early intervention should be aimed at reduction in needle sharing, especially among new intravenous drug users.

show abstract

“…[34][35][36] Further, superinfections in which time points of virus acquisition are months to years apart have been described, although at a much lower frequency than co-infections. 34,[37][38][39] Collectively, these observations challenge the assumption that HIV-1 acquisition happens only once with a singular viral strain and that, thereafter, the infected individual is protected from subsequent infections. 40 This lack of immunisation has substantial implications for vaccine development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time. Research has deepened our understanding of how the virus replicates, manipulates, and hides in an infected person. Although our understanding of pathogenesis and transmission dynamics has become more nuanced and prevention options have expanded, a cure or protective vaccine remains elusive. Antiretroviral treatment has transformed AIDS from an inevitably fatal condition to a chronic, manageable disease in some settings. This transformation has yet to be realised in those parts of the world that continue to bear a disproportionate burden of new HIV-1 infections and are most a % ected by increasing morbidity and mortality. This Seminar provides an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention interventions pertinent to HIV-1. HIV pandemicAn estimated 38·6 (33·4-46·0) million people live with HIV-1 worldwide, while about 25 million have died already. 1 In 2005 alone, there were 4·1 million new HIV-1 infections and 2·8 million AIDS deaths. 1 These estimates mask the dynamic nature of this evolving epidemic in relation to temporal changes, geographic distribution, magnitude, viral diversity, and mode of transmission. Today, there is no region of the world untouched by this pandemic (figure 1). 2 Heterosexual transmission remains the dominant mode of transmission and accounts for about 85% of all HIV-1 infections. Southern Africa remains the epicentre of the pandemic and continues to have high rates of new HIV-1 infections. 3 Although overall HIV-1 prevalence remains low in the emerging epidemics in China and India, the absolute numbers, which are fast approaching those seen in southern Africa, are of concern. 1 Outside of sub-Saharan Africa, a third of all HIV-1 infections are acquired through injecting drug use, most (an estimated 8·8 million) of which are in eastern Europe and central and southeast Asia. 1 The rapid spread of HIV-1 in these regions through injecting drug use is of importance, since it is a bridge for rapid establishment of more generalised epidemics. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptA defining feature of the pandemic in the current decade is the increasing burden of HIV-1 infections in women, 4 which has additional implications for mother-to-child transmission. Women now make up about 42% of those infected worldwide; over 70% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Overall, a quarter of all new HIV-1 infections are in adults aged younger than 25 years. 1 HIV-1 infection rates are three to six times higher in female adolescents than in their male counterparts, 1,5-7 and this difference is attributed to sexual coupling patterns of young women with older men. Population prevalence of HIV-1 infection, concurrent sexual relationships, partner change, sexual practices, the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, [8][9][10][11] and population mobility patterns 12-14 for economic and other reasons (eg, natu...

show abstract

HIV Superinfection

Cited by 166 publications

References 54 publications

Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and Fertility

Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and Fertility

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

HIV/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About