HIV, Sexual Orientation, and Gut Microbiome Interactions

Tuddenham, Susan; Koay, Wei Li Adeline; Sears, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06110-y

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…In our HIV+ study cohort, the analysis of taxonomic composition of microbiome revealed a dominance of the Prevotella enterotype, thereby providing a rationale for study participants with looser stool 52 . Consistent with our observation, such an enrichment of Prevotella has also been independently reported by other studies in PLHIV 45–47,53–55 and MSM 44,56–58 . It is important to note within this context that SCFA are fermented among others through Prevotellaceae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Brauckmann

Nambiar

Potthoff

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Background Non‐AIDS‐associated chronic diseases in HIV+ patients have been on the rise since the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Especially cardiovascular diseases and disruption in the gastrointestinal tract have limited health‐related quality of life (QoL). Several of those complications have been associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), with propionate as one of the major compounds, have been described as an important link between gut microbiota and the immune system, defining the pro‐ and the anti‐inflammatory milieu through direct and indirect regulation of T‐cell homeostasis. The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium propionate (SP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have not yet been investigated prior to this study. Objectives To investigate the impact of SP uptake among PLHIV and its relevance to improve QoL, the study aimed to investigate metabolic, immunological, microbiome and patient‐reported QoL‐related changes post‐SP supplementation with follow‐up. Methods A prospective, non‐randomized, controlled, monocentric interventional study was conducted in WIR, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, in Bochum, Germany. 32 HIV+ patients with unaltered ART‐regimen in the last three months were included. Participants were given SP for a duration of 12 weeks in the form of daily oral supplementation and were additionally followed‐up for another 12 weeks. Results The supplementation of SP was well tolerated. We found an improvement in lipid profiles and long‐term blood glucose levels. A decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines and a depletion of effector T cells was observed. Regulatory T cells and IL‐10 decreased. Furthermore, changes in taxonomic composition of the microbiome during follow‐up were observed and improvement of items of self‐reported life‐quality assessment. Conclusion Taken together, the beneficial impact of SP in PLHIV reflects its potential in improving metabolic parameters and modulating pro‐inflammatory immune responses. Thus, possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders and facilitating long‐term improvement of the gut flora.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Brauckmann

Nambiar

Potthoff

et al. 2022

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…Thirdly, we did not exclude the effects of HIV transmission routes on gut microbiota community composition. The use of methamphetamine and cannabis was found to affect the gut microbiota profile of HIV/AIDS patients [ 28 , 31 , 32 ]. In addition, drug use increased HIV infection and viral replication in immune cells, which accelerated the progression of AIDS [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased α-diversity is generally considered to be a marker of health and while decreased diversity has been associated with a variety of disease states [ 32 ]. Our results show that if the CD4 + T cell counts of INRs are > 200 cells/μL, they are healthier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background CD4+ T cell counts in certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients called immunological non-responders (INRs) could not return to a normal level even with sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of persistent immune activation, which is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines production and an altered intestinal microbiome profile. Changes in gut bacterial composition have been linked to low CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected individuals. However, the association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota community composition and cytokines levels in INRs (CD4+ T cell counts < 500 cells/μL) from Yunnan Province, China, has not been previously investigated. Methods To address this issue, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 34 HIV-infected INRs. The patients were divided into CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group and CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group. The gut microbiota composition of each subject was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also compared CD8+ T cell counts, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and nutritional status between the two groups. Results Compared to INRs with CD4 count > 200 cells/μL, those with CD4 count < 200 cells/μL had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, lower nutritional status and higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and interleukin (IL)-1α. Ruminococcaceae was less abundant in the CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group than in the CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group, and difference in alpha diversity was observed between the two groups. Moreover, CD4+ T cell counts were negatively associated with TNF-α and IL-1α levels and positively associated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that lower CD4+ T cell counts in INRs are associated with a reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the gut and elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Thus, interventions targeting gut microbiota to increase CD4+ T cell counts are a potential strategy for promoting immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs.

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“…Overall, changes to the gut microbiota during HIV infection are influenced by factors including ethnicity, sex, age, geography, dietary habits, lifestyle, operational factors, sample type and treatment (36)(37)(38)(39). In the present study, alterations in the intestinal mucosal microbiota and dysbiosis were identified in HIV-infected patients from Guangzhou, China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Intestinal mucosal microbiota composition of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Guangzhou, China

Zhou

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which includes an increase in the number of mucosa-associated pathobionts. In the present study, the intestinal mucosal microbiota patterns of HIV-infected patients were compared with those of healthy individuals in a population from Guangzhou, China. The gut microbiota of intestinal mucosal samples from 12 patients with HIV (transmission routes included sex and intravenous drug abuse) was compared with that of 12 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. Gut microbial communities were profiled via sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Dysbiosis in HIV-infected individuals was characterized by decreased α-diversity, decreased levels of Firmicutes and increased levels of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, low mean counts of Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Thauera, Dorea and Roseburia inulinivorans, and high mean counts of Halomonas and Shewanella bacteria, were indicated to be HIV-associated mucosal bacterial alterations. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Lachnoclostridium was significantly decreased, while that of Halomonas and Shewanella was significantly increased in patients with sexually transmitted HIV-infection compared with healthy controls. Alterations of the gut microbiota during HIV infection were also indicated to be associated with the route of HIV transmission. Certain bacteria may be potential biomarkers for HIV infection in patients from Guangzhou, China.

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HIV, Sexual Orientation, and Gut Microbiome Interactions

Cited by 26 publications

References 144 publications

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Influence of dietary supplementation of short‐chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV)

Association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders

Intestinal mucosal microbiota composition of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Guangzhou, China

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