HIV seropositivity in patients with first-episode psychosis

Mashaphu, Sibongile; Mkize, Dan Lamla

doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v13i3.22

Cited by 11 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic followed by anxiolytics. 17 None of our patients were on antidepressants. This could be explained by our patients presenting mainly with manic, psychotic and behavioral symptoms which necessitated the use of antipsychotics and moodstabilizers, and hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Prevalence and clinical presentation of HIV positive female psychiatric inpatients

Uys¹

2013

Afr. J. Psych

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Objective: Literature on the prevalence and clinical presentation of South African psychiatric HIV positive patients as well as their management is lacking. This study was performed to investigate these parameters. Method: A prospective study to investigate the prevalence and clinical presentation of HIV positive psychiatric female patients admitted to an acute ward (female psychiatric ward Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex) was undertaken for a one year period from June 2009 to May 2010. Additional factors such as demographic profile, associated substance abuse, pre-existing psychiatric disorders and management were also studied. Results: During this one year period 158 female patients were admitted to the acute female psychiatric ward for assessment and treatment. Of these 158 admissions 21 (13%) were HIV positive, but only 19 (12%) consented to the study. Ten of the 19 HIV positive patients (53%) had an Axis I diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder secondary to HIV, most commonly mood disorder (mania) with psychotic symptoms. Nine of the 19 HIV positive patients (47%) had a pre-existing primary psychiatric diagnosis, most commonly Bipolar Disorder, recent episode mania with psychotic symptoms. The most common psychotic symptoms were grandiose delusions followed by auditory hallucinations, paranoid delusions and visual hallucinations. The most common mood symptom was euphoria. Substance abuse was uncommon amongst the patients in the study group. Sixteen of the 19 patients (84%) were on antipsychotics, 14 of these 16 patients were on haloperidol. The most commonly used mood stabilizer was sodium valproate. Conclusion: In this study mania with psychotic symptoms was the most common presentation in both the group with a pre-existing primary psychiatric disorder and in the group without a primary psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of HIV positive admitted psychiatric females in this study was 12%. Co-morbid substance abuse was uncommon. Most patients tolerated low doses of typical antipsychotics in combination with a mood stabilizer (valproate being the most common).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Prevalence and clinical presentation of HIV positive female psychiatric inpatients

Uys¹

2013

Afr. J. Psych

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“…The most common diagnoses in the present study were schizophrenia (30%) and schizophreniform disorder (27.1%). A co-morbid Axis I diagnosis was made in 28.6% (20) patients, the most common being a substance-related disorder; 64.3% (45) had a co-morbid medical diagnosis on Axis III, the most common being epilepsy (8.5%).…”

Section: Clinical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 A study by Mashaphu and Mkize at a psychiatric institution in KwaZulu-Natal found a 23.8% HIV seroprevalence rate in adults with first-episode psychosis. 20 In the current study, HIV results were available for only 3 patients were found in females. 21 The Moreno study concluded that larger CSF and lower grey matter volumes in the frontal lobes may be a nonspecific vulnerability marker for psychosis in male adolescents.…”

Section: Clinical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Onset Psychosis: A 2-year retrospective study of adolescents admitted to a general psychiatric unit

2009

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Background:KwaZulu-Natal had no dedicated in-patient adolescent psychiatric service during the study period and adolescents were admitted to general psychiatric wards. Aim of Study: This is a descriptive review of adolescents admitted with psychotic symptoms to a psychiatric hospital. It aims to describe their demographic profile, associated risk factors, clinical profile and management strategies utilized.Method: The files of all adolescent patients with psychotic symptoms, aged twelve to eighteen years old, admitted to a psychiatric hospital from July 2005 to June 2007 were reviewed. Results: 70 adolescents with psychosis were admitted to adult psychiatric wards over the 2 year period. The age range was 13 to 18 years old. 80% of the adolescent patients were male, 37% reported a positive family history of mental illness, 50% smoked nicotine and 61.4% reported cannabis use. The most common diagnoses were schizophrenia (30%) and schizophreniform disorder (27.1%). 85.5%(60) of adolescent patients had a trial on a first generation antipsychotic and 10 patients were initiated on a second generation antipsychotic de- novo. The average length of stay in hospital was 27.8 days. 40% defaulted follow up post discharge. Conclusion: Schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis. There were high rates of cannabis use. The adolescents were managed in psychiatric wards for significant periods and the majority of patients were initiated on first-generation antipsychotics. There is a need to develop specialized inpatient adolescent psychiatric facilities and services, as well as to address the issues of co-morbid substance use and non-adherence to treatment.

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“…Di antara faktor tersebut yaitu variasi genetik, imunologik dan faktor virologik. 4,14,15 Efek samping psikiatri terjadi paling tinggi pada bulan pertama pemakaian efavirenz dan kejadian terus menurun dari waktu ke waktu. Pada bulan pertama 41,2% pasien mengalami efek samping dan 12 bulan hanya tersisa 5,9% pasien.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Hubungan Stigma dan Terapi ARV dengan Komplikasi Gangguan Psikiatri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS

Wicaksono¹,

Fitrikasari²,

Sofro³

et al. 2018

JPDI

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Pendahuluan. Penderita HIV/AIDS harus menghadapi stigma dan diskriminasi sehingga akan mengalami permasalahan fisik, psikologis, dan sosial yang memerlukan intervensi komprehensif. Terapi antiretroviral (ARV) memperbaiki klinis penderita, namun dapat menimbulkan komplikasi neuropsikiatri terutama gangguan cemas, depresi, dan gangguan psikotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stigma dan terapi ARV dengan komplikasi gangguan psikiatri pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Sampel adalah pasien HIV/AIDS yang menjalani terapi ARV di poli VCT-CST RSUP dr. Kariadi dan RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) dan kuesioner skala persepsi orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) terhadap stigma HIV/AIDS masyarakat. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS dengan uji chi-squre. Hasil. Dari total 102 subjek yang diikutsertakan pada penelitian, mayoritas berjenis kelamin laki-laki (51%) dan memiliki rerata usia 35,88 (SB 8,24) tahun. Jenis ARV paling banyak diminum adalah lamivudin+zidovudin)+nevirapin yaitu sebanyak 52,9%. Skala stigma ODHA terbanyak adalah stigma positif, yaitu sebanyak 95,1%. Sebanyak 89,2% subjek ditemukan mengalami gangguan psikiatri yang sebagian besar berupa depresi (30,4%) dan 6,9% gangguan psikotik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara jenis terapi ARV dengan terjadinya komplikasi gangguan psikiatri (p=0,048). Namun demikian, tidak didapatkan hubungan secara statistik antara lama terapi dan stigma pasien dengan gangguan psikiatri (p>0,05). Simpulan. Terdapat hubungan secara statistik antara jenis terapi ARV dengan gangguan psikiatri. Namun, tidak didapatkan hubungan secara statistik antara stigma dengan gangguan psikiatri

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HIV seropositivity in patients with first-episode psychosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence and clinical presentation of HIV positive female psychiatric inpatients

Prevalence and clinical presentation of HIV positive female psychiatric inpatients

Adolescent Onset Psychosis: A 2-year retrospective study of adolescents admitted to a general psychiatric unit

Hubungan Stigma dan Terapi ARV dengan Komplikasi Gangguan Psikiatri pada Pasien HIV/AIDS

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