HIV, schizophrenia, and all-cause mortality: A population-based cohort study of individuals accessing universal medical care from 1998 to 2012 in British Columbia, Canada

Closson, Kalysha; McLinden, Taylor; Patterson, Thomas L.; Eyawo, Oghenowede; Kibel, Mia; Card, Kiffer G.; Salters, Kate; Chau, William; Ye, Monica; Hull, Mark; Lima, Viviane D.; Montaner, Julio S. G.; Hogg, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.04.020

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been observed that the early stages of HIV infection are most often accompanied by a depressive state [10,23]. The progression of HIV infection is then characterized by the development of psychosis, adjustment disorder, and bipolar disorder [11,24,25]. In the African continent, where the burden of HIV infection is particularly high, the prevalence of HIV infection among adults with severe mental disorders ranges from 11 to 48.6% [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, an increased risk of developing schizophrenia persists for more than 5 years after the diagnosis of an HIV infection, at which point the majority of PLWH receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), leading to suppression of viral replication and of opportunistic infections [41]. It was found that the comorbidity of HIV infection and schizophrenia among such patients significantly correlates with a high risk of lethal cases [25,41]. The results of two large-scale studies showed that among patients with schizophrenia, there was a higher mortality rate in the group of HIV-positive individuals compared to the group of HIV-negative patients [25,41].…”

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the comorbidity of HIV infection and schizophrenia among such patients significantly correlates with a high risk of lethal cases [25,41]. The results of two large-scale studies showed that among patients with schizophrenia, there was a higher mortality rate in the group of HIV-positive individuals compared to the group of HIV-negative patients [25,41]. A six-year follow-up of such patients revealed that the mortality among HIV-positive patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was 25.5%, while that among HIV-negative patients with the same diagnosis was only 17.8% [25].…”

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of two large-scale studies showed that among patients with schizophrenia, there was a higher mortality rate in the group of HIV-positive individuals compared to the group of HIV-negative patients [25,41]. A six-year follow-up of such patients revealed that the mortality among HIV-positive patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was 25.5%, while that among HIV-negative patients with the same diagnosis was only 17.8% [25]. Another more long-term (12-year) study found that the mortality rate in the group of patients with HIV and schizophrenia was 25.8, while in those with schizophrenia but not infected with HIV, this indicator was 6.24 [41].…”

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

HIV Infection and Related Mental Disorders

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the more than thirty-year period of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic, many data have been accumulated indicating that HIV infection predisposes one to the development of mental pathologies. It has been proven that cognitive disorders in HIV-positive individuals are the result of the direct exposure of the virus to central nervous system (CNS) cells. The use of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of cases of mental disorders among people infected with HIV. However, the incidence of moderate to mild cognitive impairment at all stages of HIV infection is still quite high. This review describes the most common forms of mental pathology that occur in people living with HIV and presents the current concepts on the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and its viral proteins on the cells of the CNS and the CNS’s functions. This review also provides the current state of knowledge on the impact of the antiretroviral therapy on the development of mental pathologies in people living with HIV, as well as current knowledge on the interactions between antiretroviral and psychotropic drugs that occur under their simultaneous administration.

show abstract

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mental Disorders Associated With Hiv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HIV Infection and Related Mental Disorders

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Psychosis is an uncommon but validated complication of AIDS. PWHA and schizophrenia are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality when compared to the general population, and this risk rises in people who do not receive treatment with antipsychotics [43]. Post-marketing data have also revealed cases of acute reversible psychosis related to the use of efavirenz, zidovudine, and abacavir [44].…”

Section: Antipsychoticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiretrovirals and Psychotropics: Drug Interactions and Complications

Smith¹,

Hicks²,

Lindefjeld³

et al. 2021

HIV Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors

Correll

Solmi

Croatto³

et al. 2022

World Psychiatry

258

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People with schizophrenia die 15‐20 years prematurely. Understanding mortality risk and aggravating/attenuating factors is essential to reduce this gap. We conducted a systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis of prospective and retrospective, nationwide and targeted cohort studies assessing mortality risk in people with schizophrenia versus the general population or groups matched for physical comorbidities or groups with different psychiatric disorders, also assessing moderators. Primary outcome was all‐cause mortality risk ratio (RR); key secondary outcomes were mortality due to suicide and natural causes. Other secondary outcomes included any other specific‐cause mortality. Publication bias, subgroup and meta‐regression analyses, and quality assessment (Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale) were conducted. Across 135 studies spanning from 1957 to 2021 (schizophrenia: N=4,536,447; general population controls: N=1,115,600,059; other psychiatric illness controls: N=3,827,955), all‐cause mortality was increased in people with schizophrenia versus any non‐schizophrenia control group (RR=2.52, 95% CI: 2.38‐2.68, n=79), with the largest risk in first‐episode (RR=7.43, 95% CI: 4.02‐13.75, n=2) and incident (i.e., earlier‐phase) schizophrenia (RR=3.52, 95% CI: 3.09‐4.00, n=7) versus the general population. Specific‐cause mortality was highest for suicide or injury‐poisoning or undetermined non‐natural cause (RR=9.76‐8.42), followed by pneumonia among natural causes (RR=7.00, 95% CI: 6.79‐7.23), decreasing through infectious or endocrine or respiratory or urogenital or diabetes causes (RR=3 to 4), to alcohol or gastrointestinal or renal or nervous system or cardio‐cerebrovascular or all natural causes (RR=2 to 3), and liver or cerebrovascular, or breast or colon or pancreas or any cancer causes (RR=1.33 to 1.96). All‐cause mortality increased slightly but significantly with median study year (beta=0.0009, 95% CI: 0.001‐0.02, p=0.02). Individuals with schizophrenia <40 years of age had increased all‐cause and suicide‐related mortality compared to those ≥40 years old, and a higher percentage of females increased suicide‐related mortality risk in incident schizophrenia samples. All‐cause mortality was higher in incident than prevalent schizophrenia (RR=3.52 vs. 2.86, p=0.009). Comorbid substance use disorder increased all‐cause mortality (RR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.47‐1.80, n=3). Antipsychotics were protective against all‐cause mortality versus no antipsychotic use (RR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.59‐0.84, n=11), with largest effects for second‐generation long‐acting injectable antipsychotics (SGA‐LAIs) (RR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.56, n=3), clozapine (RR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.34‐0.55, n=3), any LAI (RR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.58, n=2), and any SGA (RR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.44‐0.63, n=4). Antipsychotics were also protective against natural cause‐related mortality, yet first‐generation antipsychotics (FGAs) were associated with increased mortality due to suicide and natural cause in incident schizophrenia. Higher study quality and number of variables used to adjust ...

show abstract

HIV, schizophrenia, and all-cause mortality: A population-based cohort study of individuals accessing universal medical care from 1998 to 2012 in British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

HIV Infection and Related Mental Disorders

HIV Infection and Related Mental Disorders

Antiretrovirals and Psychotropics: Drug Interactions and Complications

Mortality in people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of relative risk and aggravating or attenuating factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About