HIV Revealed

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine.

“…The early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be separated from the later progressively symptomatic stage by several years of clinical latency (1,2). Early infection is characterized by a low frequency of infected cells and a low level of viral expression (3).…”

“…Early infection is characterized by a low frequency of infected cells and a low level of viral expression (3). The progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by increased levels of viremia and p24 antigenemia, activation of HIV expression in infected cells, an increased number of infected cells, and severe immune dysfunction (1)(2)(3). These findings suggest that the evolution of HIV infection and the progression of immunosuppression is associated with an increased activation of latent virus.…”

AIDS epidemiology: inconsistencies with human immunodeficiency virus and with infectious disease.

“…As tens of thousands ofpositive tests for antibody and hundreds of negative tests for free virus have shown (34), HIV remains typically dormant in "T-cell reservoirs" even during AIDS (82). The simultaneous occurrence of HIV viremia and antiviral antibodies was reported in some AIDS patients in 1989, but this observation has not been replicated by others (42,43). More and more of the AIDSassociated parasites are now named as AIDS cofactors of HIV, most recently HTLV and mycoplasma (45,88).…”

“…In response to this challenge it was agreed that the hypothesis cannot be defended in terms of orthodox virology, based on known genetic and biochemical properties of HIV (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). However, it was claimed that epidemiological evidence supports the Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV, human T-cell leukemia virus.…”

“…For example, HTLV is endemic in certain islands of Japan and marks specific ethnic groups among mixed populations in the Caribbean (86). Wild animals (29,85,86) or humans (42,43,86) with an acute retrovirus infection are virtually never observed. Acute retrovirus infections result from experimental infection or horizontal infections among mass-bred animals, typically prior to immune competence with virus strains not covered by maternal antibodies (76,77,85).…”