HIV-Related Stigma, Isolation, Discrimination, and Serostatus Disclosure

Nachega, Jean B.; Morroni, Chelsea; Zuniga, José M; Sherer, Renslow; Beyrer, Chris; Solomon, Suniti; Schechter, Mauro; Rockstroh, Jürgen K.

doi:10.1177/1545109712436723

Cited by 138 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Drop-off is most dramatic among younger MSM and MSM living in lower income countries. Drop-off may be linked to inequities in access to HIV services that are in-turn driven by the relative lack of resources and social disenfranchisement [25,26]. Resource constrained countries may be investing less in their health infrastructures [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Treatment Cascades that Leak: Correlates of Drop-off from the HIV Care Continuum among Men who have Sex with Men Worldwide

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Treatment Cascades that Leak: Correlates of Drop-off from the HIV Care Continuum among Men who have Sex with Men Worldwide

et al. 2014

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“…HIV-status disclosure can have a considerable impact on the psychological well-being of people living with HIV (PLWH) and on the prevention of HIV transmission, via behaviors such as HIV-testing, negotiating safe sex, involvement in medical care, breast feeding (Chaudoir et al, 2011;Klitzman et al, 2004;Nachega et al, 2012;Wohl et al, 2011). Many studies have examined the causes and consequences of disclosure in PLWH (e.g., Chandra et al, 2003;Chaudoir & Fisher, 2010;Pachankis, 2007;Sandelowski et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emlet, 2006;Skogmar et al, 2006). However, a common analytical choice is to add up positive answers to obtain a total score representing the extent of disclosure (e.g., Armistead et al, 1999;Emlet, 2006;Wohl et al, 2011), or merge them into a dichotomous variable assessing whether the person disclosed to no one versus to at least one person (Nachega et al, 2012;Wohl et al, 2011). This method does not allow for an examination of dimensionality, as computing a total score or a dichotomous variable implicitly assumes that disclosure acts involving various actors are interchangeable indicators of a single disclosure process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent

Dima

Stutterheim

Lyimo

et al. 2014

Social Science & Medicine

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Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent Dima, A.L.; Stutterheim, S.E.; Lyimo, R.; de Bruin, M. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Acknowledgements:The authors appreciatively acknowledge the financial assistance from RVVZ from the Netherlands, the participation of PLWH in our target group, and the cooperation of the management in the ART clinics where we conducted the study. Abstract:Disclosure of HIV status has been the focus of three decades of research, which have revealed its complex relations to many behaviors involved in HIV prevention and treatment, and exposed its central role in managing the HIV epidemic. The causes and consequences of disclosure acts have recently been the subject of several theoretical models. Although it is acknowledged that individual disclosure events are part of a broader process of disclosing one's HIV status to an increasing number of people, this process has received less theoretical attention. In quantitative studies of disclosure, researchers have often implicitly assumed that disclosure is a single unidimensional process appropriately measured via the total number of one's disclosure acts. However, there is also evidence that disclosure may have different causes and consequences depending on the types of actors involved (e.g. family members, friends) and on the presence or absence of the discloser's intention, suggesting that the unidimensionality assumption may not hold. We quantitatively examined the dimensionality of voluntary and involuntary disclosure to different categories of actors, using data collected via structured interviews in the spring of 2010 from 158 people living with HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. For voluntary disclosure, nonparametric item response analyses identified two multi-category clusters, family and community, and two single-category dimensions, partner and children. Involuntary disclosure consisted of several single-or twocategory dimensions. Correlation analyses between the resulting disclosure dimensions and stigma and social support revealed distinct relationships for each disclosure dimension. Our results suggest that treating disclosure as a unidimensional construct is a simplification of disclosure...

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“…As HIV is associated with sexual behavior, which is often linked with strong religious or cultural influence, PLWHA are frequently stigmatized as a result of their sexual preferences [12], and experience judgment to have engaged in behavior that their community might perceive as inappropriate. Therefore, homosexuals/bisexuals may face more fears of disclosure than heterosexuals as they not only have to worry about the disclosure of their serostatus, but also their sexual orientation, which they might have kept hidden [2,11].…”

Section: Stigma and Sexual Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Access to HIV screening services and early medical treatment is often delayed [4][5][6][7], and PLWHA's opportunities to social support networks and positive interactions with other individuals are limited [8,9]. Moreover, stigma perceived by PLWHA often leads to social isolation and internalized shame, thereby increasing their vulnerability to psychopathology [2,[10][11][12], which may interfere with medication adherence and compromise their health status and quality of life [3,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-related stigma as perceived by HIV-positive individuals in Singapore

Lin¹,

Dhaliwal²,

Kong³

et al. 2017

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: This analysis of data from a historical cohort of newly-diagnosed HIV patients aimed to quantify illness-related stigma, using the HIV Stigma Scale. At present, there is no quantitative data on HIV-related stigma in the HIV population in Singapore. In order to facilitate future monitoring and evaluation of stigma in the local HIV population, it is important to describe the patterns of, and identify factors associated with HIV-related stigma.

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HIV-Related Stigma, Isolation, Discrimination, and Serostatus Disclosure

Abstract: Thirty years into the HIV pandemic, perceived HIV stigma, isolation, and discrimination persist and are associated with loneliness and depression among PLWHA.

Cited by 138 publications

References 22 publications

HIV Treatment Cascades that Leak: Correlates of Drop-off from the HIV Care Continuum among Men who have Sex with Men Worldwide

HIV Treatment Cascades that Leak: Correlates of Drop-off from the HIV Care Continuum among Men who have Sex with Men Worldwide

Advancing methodology in the study of HIV status disclosure: The importance of considering disclosure target and intent

HIV-related stigma as perceived by HIV-positive individuals in Singapore

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