HIV‐Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States: Results from a National Survey

Kann, Laura; Anderson, John E.; Holtzman, Deborah; Ross, Jim; Truman, Benedict I.; Collins, Janet L.; Kolbe, Lloyd J.

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1991.tb07875.x

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Health Risk Questionnaire (HRQ) incorporated items from the Health Risk Survey (Kann et al, 1991) and the Homeless Youth Questionnaire (Johnson et al, 1996) which, together, address a wide range of HIV-attitudes, knowledge and risk behaviors. Several scales of the Health Risk Survey have been found to have acceptable internal reliabilities (Ashworth et al, 1992;DiClemente, 1991).…”

Section: High Risk Behaviors-thementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Gangamma

Slesnick

Toviessi

et al. 2007

J Youth Adolescence

120

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Youth who are homeless and gay, lesbian or bisexual (GLB) are one of the most disenfranchised and marginalized groups in our society. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare HIV in GLB homeless youth with their heterosexual counterparts. Participants for this study included 268 youth involved in treatment outcome studies with substance abusing homeless youth. Results suggest that GLB youth have greater HIV risks and that these risks are greater among bisexual females. In examining the predictors of sexual health risks, survival sex emerged as the most significant. Survival sex was high among females regardless of their sexual orientation and also among gay males. Implications of these findings suggest that a greater emphasis needs to be paid to preventive interventions among this population. KeywordsYouth; Gay; HIV; Homeless One particularly disturbing consequence of being homeless is engaging in behaviors that put oneself at risk for HIV infection. Overall, the homeless population has a disproportionately higher risk of HIV transmission (Ebner and Laviage, 2003) and substance use (Kipke et al., 1997). Substance abuse has been associated as a risk factor for HIV, both in terms of drug and sexual related risk (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2003). In a recent study designed to explore the differences in sexual health risks and protective factors Rew et al. (2005) found that gay and lesbian homeless youth reported being tested and treated for HIV more than the bisexual or heterosexual youth. This was partially supported by a later study (Solorio et al., 2006) that found that gay and bisexual males were more likely to report being tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared to heterosexual males and lesbian and bisexual females. While this could imply that gay and lesbian homeless youth are at a greater risk for STIs, there is currently little empirical evidence to show whether differences in HIV risks among heterosexual and gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youth exist. Such evidence would be helpful in better understanding the needs of these youth and also to better inform intervention strategies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bridge this gap by comparing the HIV risks among heterosexual and GLB youth in a population of homeless youth.Historically, studies comparing GLB and heterosexual non-homeless youth have been primarily conducted with school-based and community-based samples (Bontempo and D'Augelli, 2002;Faulkner and Cranston, 1998;Lock and Steiner, 1999). Findings suggest that GLB youth have greater rates of depression, more suicide attempts (Fergusson et al., 1999), more risk taking behavior (Garofalo et al., 1998) (Cochran et al., 2002;Noell and Ochs, 2001;Whitbeck et al., 2004). Gender differences have also been noted by some researchers. For instance, Whitbeck and colleagues (2004) in a longitudinal study of homeless and runaway adolescents found that gay males were more likely to have symptoms of internalization when compared to heterosexual males. Lesbian adole...

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Section: High Risk Behaviors-thementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Gangamma

Slesnick

Toviessi

et al. 2007

J Youth Adolescence

120

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show abstract

“…Several recent studies have investigated the extent to which adolescents in the United States engage in behaviors that place them at risk for HIV infection. [1][2][3][4][5] Although a few studies have tried to assess changes in these behaviors over time, their findings have been limited. "…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in HIV-related information sources, instruction, knowledge, and behaviors among US high school students, 1989 and 1990.

Holtzman

Lowry²,

Kann³

et al. 1994

Am J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES. Few data have been available among adolescents to determine behavioral changes that may prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This analysis examines changes in the prevalence of self-reported HIV-related information sources, instruction, knowledge, and behaviors among high school students in the United States. METHODS. Two independent, multistage national probability samples of students in grades 9 through 12 were surveyed in 1989 (n = 8098) and 1990 (n = 11,631) with self-administered, anonymous questionnaires that included similar items. RESULTS. Compared with students surveyed in 1989, a significantly greater proportion of students surveyed in 1990 had received HIV instruction in school. Significant decreases were found in the proportion of White and female students who reported having had sexual intercourse, in the proportion of White students reporting two or more lifetime sex partners, and in the proportion of 15- and 16-year-olds, White students, and female students who reported having had four or more lifetime sex partners. For both years, students who had a greater level of HIV knowledge were less likely to have had multiple lifetime sex partners or to have injected illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS. The findings suggest that school-based HIV education and knowledge may be contributing factors in reducing certain risk behaviors that can lead to HIV transmission among secondary school youth.

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“…In 1987, the one-time National Adolescent Student Health Survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of students in grades 8 and 10; this survey measured consumer skills (e.g., reading food and drug labels), alcohol and other drug use, injury prevention, nutrition, knowledge and attitudes about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), attempted suicide, and violence-related behaviors (2). In addition, in 1989, CDC conducted a national survey to measure knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors concerning HIV among high school students (3). However, surveys conducted only on a national level, onetime surveys, and surveys addressing only certain categories of health-risk behaviors could not meet the needs of state, territorial, and local education and health agencies that had begun receiving funding to implement school health programs.…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-strengthening activity PA-5…”

Section: One-time National Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV‐Related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States: Results from a National Survey

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Changes in HIV-related information sources, instruction, knowledge, and behaviors among US high school students, 1989 and 1990.

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