HIV outcomes among migrants from low-income and middle-income countries living in high-income countries: a review of recent evidence

Ross, Jonathan; Cunningham, Chinazo O.; Hanna, David B.

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000415

Cited by 81 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on HIV patients is still building; nonetheless, migrant workers continue to have high HIV prevalence and are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, which is prompted by a set of multilevel determinants at the policy sociocultural individual level. [6][7][8][9] Adding to their vulnerability, HIV services for migrants workers may be disrupted due to COVID-19, and result in (1) supply chain disruptions, (2) hesitancy of migrant workers to receive HIV care at health clinics due to risk of getting infected, (3) interruption in group-based HIV treatment models due to social distancing regulations, (4) overburdened health systems, and (5) an overall lack of resources for HIV programming due to changing priorities.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…11 The threat of coronavirus transmission while receiving care in clinics may decrease the retention rates among migrant workers, who are generally at a higher risk for attrition. 7,12 Community-based models that adhere to the safety protocol of COVID-19 provide a unique opportunity, particularly those that provide medicine through mobile outreach services, fixed community points, or home delivery. Although there is insubstantial evidence on the costeffectiveness of these models, their role in avoiding new COVID-19 infections while providing uninterrupted HIV services justifies this cost in the short term.…”

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confidence: 99%

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COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses

Kuchukhidze

2020

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses

Kuchukhidze

2020

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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“…In the US, factors that account for disparities in HIV screening among Black men with HIV risk behaviors (5,(55)(56)(57), including FB Black Caribbean men, are increasingly known (6,22). Disparities in HIV testing among both US-born and FB Black men with HIV risk behaviors are associated with poor socioeconomic status and greater income inequality (58), poor access to health services (59), decreased access to HIV screening and treatment services (60), delayed health screening (61), and lower engagement with existing social services and related prevention services (62)(63)(64). However, numerous studies have noted that differences in HIV testing patterns between FB Black and US-born Blacks are also influenced by nativity (5,23,43).…”

Section: Fb Black Men and Multi-level Barriers To Hiv Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersectional Stigma and Multi-Level Barriers to HIV Testing Among Foreign-Born Black Men From the Caribbean

Taylor

DeHovitz

Hirshfield

2020

Front. Public Health

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Testing is the entry point into the HIV care continuum that includes linkage to and retention in prevention services, and adherence to prevention strategies, including repeat HIV testing. Despite US policy approaches to expand HIV testing to diverse clinical care and community settings, disparities in HIV testing among Black populations persist. Foreign-born (FB) Black persons from the Caribbean have higher annual rates of HIV diagnosis and a higher percentage of late-stage HIV diagnosis, compared with US-born Black persons; and most HIV infections among FB Blacks are among men. In this article, we provide an overview of HIV testing barriers among FB Black men who engage in HIV risk-taking behaviors (e.g., condomless sex with male and/or female partners of unknown HIV serostatus). Barriers to HIV testing for both FB and US-born Black men, include HIV stigma (anticipated, perceived, internalized), low perceived HIV risk, medical or government mistrust, and perceived low access to testing resources. We examine beliefs about masculinity and gender roles that may perpetuate heteronormative stereotypes associated with perceptions of low HIV risk and barriers to HIV testing. We also discuss the impact of recent immigration policies on accessing HIV testing and treatment services and how intersectional stigmas and structural forms of oppression, such as racism, prejudice against select immigrant groups, and homophobia that may further amplify barriers to HIV testing among FB Black men. Finally, we review comprehensive prevention approaches, and suggest innovative approaches, that may improve the uptake of HIV testing among FB Black men.

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“…As a result of economic insecurity, limited education, linguistic and cultural barriers, migrants most often present late to care. These factors may also place migrants, especially women, at risk for acquiring HIV-1 infection (12). Women immigrating from countries with high rates of HIV-1 infection, unaware of their HIV status, are also at higher risk for delivering infants with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (13), especially as in Israel, where universal HIV-1 prenatal screening is not mandatory (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 infection among women in Israel, 2010-2018

Wagner

Olshtain‐Pops

Wax

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Although women comprise 33% of the HIV-1-carriers in Israel, they have not previously been considered a risk group requiring special attention. Immigration waves from countries in Africa and in East Europe may have changed the local landscape of women diagnosed with HIV-1. Here, we aimed to assess viral and demographic characteristics of HIV-1-positive women identified in Israel between 2010 and 2018.Methods: All >16 year-old, HIV-1-infected women, diagnosed in Israel in 2010-2018, (n=763) registered in the National HIV reference laboratory were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the database. Viral subtypes and transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) were determined in 337 (44.2%) randomly selected samples collected from treatment-naive women. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 38 years. Most (73.3%) women were immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) (41.2%, 314) or sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (32.2%, 246) and carried subtype A (79.7%) or C (90.3%), respectively. Only 11.4% (87) were Israeli-born women. Over the years, the prevalence of women from SSA decreased while that of women from FSU increased significantly (p<0.001). The median CD4+ cell count was 263 cells/mm3, and higher (391 cells/mm3) in Israeli-born women. TDRM were identified in 10.4% of the tested samples; 1.8%, 3% and 7.1% had protease inhibitors (PI), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) TDRM, respectively. The prevalence of women with NNRTI TDRM significantly increased from 4.9% in 2010-2012 to 13.3% in 2016-2018. Israeli-born women had the highest prevalence (16.3%) of NNRTI TDRM (p=0.014). NRTI A62 (5.6%), NNRTI E138 and K103 (5.6% and 4.2%, respectively) were the most prominent mutated sites. Conclusions: Most HIV-1-positive women diagnosed in Israel in 2010-2018 were immigrants, with the relative ratio of FSU immigrants increasing in recent years. The high proportion of women diagnosed with resistance mutations, particularly, the yearly increase in the frequency of NNRTI mutations, support the national policy of resistance testing at baseline.

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HIV outcomes among migrants from low-income and middle-income countries living in high-income countries: a review of recent evidence

Cited by 81 publications

References 93 publications

COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses

COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses

Intersectional Stigma and Multi-Level Barriers to HIV Testing Among Foreign-Born Black Men From the Caribbean

HIV-1 infection among women in Israel, 2010-2018

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