HIV medicine: drug side effects and interactions

Bates, Christine

doi:10.1136/pgmj.72.843.30

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Another important aspect is the participation of nutritional and immunity status in the presence of intestinal parasites. The presence of opportunistic infections in HIV individuals as well as the effects of drug treatment may aggravate or precipitate malnutrition conditions in this disease (41). When evaluating HIV patients under HAART, Schewenk et al (42) observed that such treatment prevented malnutrition onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Amâncio¹,

Pascotto²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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This study applied a socioeconomic questionnaire designed to evaluate the frequency of intestinal parasites and characterize epidemiological, nutritional, and immunological variables in 105 HIV/AIDS patients -with and without parasitic infections, attending the Day Hospital in Botucatu, UNESP, from 2007 to 2008. Body mass index was calculated and the following tests performed: parasitological stool examinations; eosinophil, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocyte cell counts; albumin test; viral load measure; and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 cytokine levels. Results were positive for parasitic intestinal infections in 12.4% of individuals. Most patients had good socioeconomic conditions with basic sanitation, urban dwellings, treated water supply and sewage, good nutritional and immunological status and were undergoing HAART. Parasites were found at the following frequencies: Entamoeba -five patients (38.5%), Giardia lamblia -four (30.7%), Blastocystis hominis -three (23.0%), Endolimax nana -two (15.4%), and Ascaris lumbricoides -one (7.7%). There were no significant differences between the two groups for eosinophils, albumin, IgE, CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocytes, INF-γ, IL-2, or IL-10. Most patients also showed undetectable viral load levels. Significant differences were found for TNF-α and IL-5. These results show the importance of new studies on immunodeficient individuals to increase understanding of such variables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Amâncio¹,

Pascotto²,

Souza³

et al. 2012

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…Patients' experiences resulting from possible lower CD4 count and immune reconstitution syndrome effects, when they initially start ART, lead to severe AEs and this can influence negative attitudes. Previous studies [6,26,27], reported that AEs are often cited as lowering quality of life when the impact of ART is evaluated. However, patients who can adhere to their ART despite the initial discomfort soon experience a better quality of life and develop positive attitude to their medicine [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Attitudes of HIV Infected Patients on the Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Medicines in Ghana

Tetteh¹,

Nartey²,

Lartey³

et al. 2017

J Pharmacovigil

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Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, Adverse Effects (AEs) to ART pose major problems and threaten adherence to therapy. We evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of patients to ART following routine adherence counselling and education in the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted by administering a questionnaire on socio-demographics, knowledge of AEs of antiretrovirals and attitude to AEs to 98 patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. A 3-point Likert-scale was used to assess knowledge of AEs of ART and a 5 point Likert-scale to assess attitudes to AEs. Mean rated scores for attitude to AEs were estimated and factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of the attitudes observed to identify relevant latent constructs. Sixty one percent of participants were females and most of the participants were aged 35-44 years (35%). Ninety nine percent of participants answered that they had been counselled on unpleasant effects of their medicines and 93% knew that all medicines could cause some unpleasant effects. Concerning attitude, 90% of study participants strongly agreed that they benefit from their medicines and get better taking them (mean rated score=4.87 ± 0.49) whilst 27% strongly agreed that medicines may have side effects (mean rated score=3.12 ± 1.55). Majority of the study participants (74%) strongly disagreed that there was no need to tell their doctor/pharmacist about AEs to antiretrovirals (mean rated score=4.60 ± 0.83). Factor analysis yielded two underlying dimensions (cognitive and behavioural/affective aspects) that described participants' attitude towards AEs. Study participants rating for participants' knowledge on AEs was good and exhibited positive attitudes to AEs of ART. Adherence counselling and education provided to PLWHA before initiation of antiretroviral therapy is beneficial and should be continued.

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“…After administration of antituberculosis medicine separately, the patient then known allergic to Rifampicin and Pyrazinamide. In the combination therapy, it is difficult to determine which drug caused the reaction but Rifampicin is reported as the most frequent cause of reaction [23]. These patients also have allergic reactions to quinolones class.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs Hypersensitivity Reaction in Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

Minhajat¹,

Djaharuddin²,

Halim³

et al. 2017

J Allergy Ther

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A case of male, 34 years old with a diagnosis of immunodeficiency syndrome resulting from HIV infection with suspected pneumonia in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis relapse, in the course of the disease, patients experienced hypersensitivity reactions to some antibiotics and antituberculosis drugs. Hypersensitivity reactions were exaggerated by immune response to an allergen in a normal immune system. In this case, we found the drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients with immunodeficiency. Until now, the exact underlying mechanism is not fully known but may be due to multifactorial and the dysregulation of the immune system due to HIV infection.

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HIV medicine: drug side effects and interactions

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients: epidemiological, nutritional and immunological aspects

Knowledge and Attitudes of HIV Infected Patients on the Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Medicines in Ghana

Drugs Hypersensitivity Reaction in Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection

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