HIV lamivudine resistance mutations in HBV co-infected Romanian patients

Abstract

Previous studies of our team have shown that Romanian teenagers horizontally infected with HIV in early childhood, have a high prevalence of HBV co-infection (78.3% being anti-HBc positive vs. 21.8% of age-matched HIVnegative controls). Our aim was to investigate the frequency of mutations and variables potentially associated with an increased risk of liver disease evolution in HIV/ HBV co-infected individuals receiving 2NRTI + 1PI boosted with ritonavir. MethodsWe investigated 38 HIV+ adolescents (mean age 13.8 ± 1.3 years) with constant detectable HBV viral load, of whom 92.3% were chronic HBsAg carriers, 61.53% were HBeAg+, and 68.2% had lamivudine (LAM) in their regimen. HBV genotype was determined using commercial Line Probe Assay (Innogenetics) and sequencing of the HIV pol gene was carried out using Trugene genotyping kits (Bayer Diagnostics Inc.); for HIV subtyping the nucleotide sequences were submitted to the Stanford database.

Romania, a Harbour of HIV-1 Subtype F1: Where Are We after 33 Years of HIV-1 Infection?

“…Isolates from long-term survivors of HIV-1 infection who were parenterally infected as children and had many virologic treatment failures were genotyped for treatment resistance and subtype identification in a Romanian study [32]; 94.7 percent of the patients had subtype F1 strains, which clustered with other Romanian and Angolan F1 strains [32]. Although sequences from the DRC fell in a basal position within the subtype F1 phylogeny, they were only weakly connected with the South American and Romanian clades, according to the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of subtype F1 strains circulating worldwide to date [23].…”

“…Although sequences from the DRC fell in a basal position within the subtype F1 phylogeny, they were only weakly connected with the South American and Romanian clades, according to the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of subtype F1 strains circulating worldwide to date [23]. Despite the lengthy and complicated treatments, 15.8% of patients had wild type virus, 68.4% were fully susceptible to protease inhibitors, 47.3 percent to non-nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors, and 28.9% to nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors, and 28.9% to nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors [32]. Only 13.2% of people tested positive for resistance to all antiretroviral medication classes [32].…”

“…Despite the lengthy and complicated treatments, 15.8% of patients had wild type virus, 68.4% were fully susceptible to protease inhibitors, 47.3 percent to non-nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors, and 28.9% to nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors, and 28.9% to nucleoside reverstranscriptase inhibitors [32]. Only 13.2% of people tested positive for resistance to all antiretroviral medication classes [32]. Severely immunosuppressed patients had a significantly higher total number of mutations, as well as major mutations in the protease gene (V82A, I54V, G48V) and the major M184V mu-tation associated with type 2 thymidine analogue mutations in the reverstranscriptase gene [32,33].…”

“…Only 13.2% of people tested positive for resistance to all antiretroviral medication classes [32]. Severely immunosuppressed patients had a significantly higher total number of mutations, as well as major mutations in the protease gene (V82A, I54V, G48V) and the major M184V mu-tation associated with type 2 thymidine analogue mutations in the reverstranscriptase gene [32,33].…”

Ageing People Living with HIV/AIDS, PLWHA; More Dental Challenges; the Romanian Dental Professional’s Point of View

“…The number of Romanian HIV/AIDS-infected children represented at that time more than half of the HIV/AIDS-infected children in Europe [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Today, these children are adults and some of them are known as “long-term survivors”, having been born in the period of 1987–1991 [ 6 ].…”