“HIV is not an easily acceptable disease”: the role of HIV-related stigma in obtaining cervical cancer screening in India

Gordon, Janna R.; Barve, Apurva; Chaudhari, Vipul; Kosambiya, J K; Kumar, Amit; Gamit, Sukesha; Wells, Kristen J.

doi:10.1080/03630242.2019.1565903

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Mitchell SM et al [24] reported in their series in sub-Saharan Africa a rate, lower than ours, of 19.09% of women with a high school education. Arora R et al [33] found 45% of illiterates in India, which is higher than that of our series, while Gordon JR et al [22] observed, still in India, several years later a rate of 8 % illiterate, which is far inferior to ours. Husaiyin S et al [25] reported in China a rate, higher than ours, of 68.0% of women with no more than primary education, while Tapera O et al [26] found a higher rate in Zimbabwe than women in our series, of women with a high school education (71%).…”

Section: Level Of Educationcontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…[21] found in Mali a much higher rate than ours of married women (90%); Catarino R et al [16] reported a rate of 58.2% of married women versus 33.8% of single, almost the same rate as Gordon JR et al [22] (56.0% of married women) and moderately higher than Shin SS et al [23] (48.2% of married women) in their respective studies in India, but much higher than that of Mitchell SM et al [24] in sub-Saharan Africa (10.55% of married women). This rate, close to half of the married women in our study, is linked to the increase in early weddings, which is becoming increasingly important, especially in rural areas, the main bastions of the majority of our patients.…”

Section: Marital Statussupporting

confidence: 55%

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Epidemiological and Cytopathological Profile of Dysplastic Lesions of the Cervix in South-Kivu/Dr Congo

Nyakio¹,

Fabrice²,

Albert³

et al. 2021

OJOG

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Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world. The recrudescence of dysplastic lesions is increasing, especially in developing countries, because of the absence of screening. The objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of dysplastic lesions of the cervix in women who are sexually active in South Kivu province. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 625 women who came for gynecological consultation, all of whom had cervical-uterine Pap smears, during the period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 at Panzi General Referral Hospital (South Kivu, DR Congo). Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Results: The median age of the respondents was 34 years, 47.0% of them were married, and 59.0% had a low socioeconomic level. The majority had first sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 20 (67.5%), a number of former sexual partners estimated at 1-5 (87.8%), did not use tobacco (97.4%) and did not use contraception (78.1%). Pap smear was normal in 82.88% of cases, inflammatory in 2.4% of cases and with cytologic abnormalities in 14.72% of cases. Rates of dysplastic lesions were significantly higher among women aged ≥35 years (p = 0.0245), brides (p = 0.0183) and nulliparas (p = 0.0042). Multivariate analysis revealed the adjusted OR (95% CI) statistically insignificant (p < 0.05) for the age group, marital status and parity respondents. Conclusion: Cervical cancer How to cite this paper:

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Section: Level Of Educationcontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Marital Statussupporting

confidence: 55%

Epidemiological and Cytopathological Profile of Dysplastic Lesions of the Cervix in South-Kivu/Dr Congo

Nyakio¹,

Fabrice²,

Albert³

et al. 2021

OJOG

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“…Discrimination by health-care workers in health-care settings due to their health status or their religion was an uncommon but essential barrier. Discrimination against patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hampered their access to cervical cancer screening ( Gordon et al. , 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to cervical cancer and breast cancer screening uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Srinath

Merode

Rao

et al. 2022

Health Policy and Planning

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There is an alarmingly high growth in breast and cervical cancers in low-and-middle-income countries. Due to late presentation to the doctors, there is a lower cure rate. The screening programs in low-and-middle-income countries are not comprehensive. In this paper, we systematically analyse the barriers to screening through an accessibility framework. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Mendeley and Google Scholar to retrieve all English language studies (quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods) that contained information on breast and cervical cancer screening in low-and-middle-income countries. We only considered publications published between the 1st of January 2016 and the 31st of May 2021. The review was guided by PRISMA-S, an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. The search yielded a total of 67 articles from low-and-middle-income countries in this review. We used a framework on accessibility known as the 5A framework, which distinguishes five aspects of access: approachability, acceptability, availability, affordability and appropriateness, to classify the screening barriers. We added two more aspects: awareness and angst, as they could explain other important barriers to screening. They confirmed how the lack of awareness, cost of the screening service and distance to the screening centre act as major impediments to screening. They also revealed how embarrassment and fear of screening and cultural factors such as lack of spousal or family support could be obstacles to screening. We conclude that more needs to be done by policymakers and governments to improve the confidence of the people in the health systems Women should be made aware of the causes and risk factors of cancer through evidence-based strategies so that there is an increased adherence to screening.

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“…Studies show high levels of perceived and demonstrated stigma against HIV, which cause women to forgo recommended screening for cervical cancer. 44,45 This may relate to the participants' fear of receiving HPV testing results and a potential barrier to seeking Pap smears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Women in South India: An Exploratory Study

Shah

Shetty

Ganesh

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in India is low due to cost, low awareness of HPV, social stigma, and other factors. We assessed the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs regarding HPV and HPV vaccination and explored the barriers and challenges to HPV vaccine intent among women in Mangalore, India. An exploratory study was conducted using two focus group discussions (FGDs) and six in-depth one-on-one interviews. FGD-1 comprised nine women aged 18 to 26 years, and FGD-2 comprised seven women aged 27 to 45 years. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Themes identified were limited knowledge of HPV and vaccine, stigma associated with receiving HPV vaccine, vaccine safety concerns, and cost as a barrier to receiving vaccine. Participants expressed desire for physician and government recommendation of the HPV vaccine to validate vaccine intent. Contrasting themes between the two FGDs include support for vaccination at a younger age and lower perception of stigma and judgment in the 18- to 26-year-old group; however, participants in the 27- to 45-year-old group support vaccination at an older age and endorse greater fear of stigma and judgment associated with obtaining vaccination. Education regarding HPV-associated diseases and the HPV vaccine for the general public, physicians, and government officials in conjunction with lowering vaccine cost, improving vaccine access, and encouraging strong physician recommendations are key strategies to scale up HPV vaccine implementation in India.

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“HIV is not an easily acceptable disease”: the role of HIV-related stigma in obtaining cervical cancer screening in India

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiological and Cytopathological Profile of Dysplastic Lesions of the Cervix in South-Kivu/Dr Congo

Epidemiological and Cytopathological Profile of Dysplastic Lesions of the Cervix in South-Kivu/Dr Congo

Barriers to cervical cancer and breast cancer screening uptake in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Challenges to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Women in South India: An Exploratory Study

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