“…Alcohol abuse and socioeconomic pressures combined with perceived violation of traditional gender roles have been identified as antecedents of IPV (Fawcett, Heise, Isita-Espeje, & Pick, 1999). Besides the immediate consequences of injury, emotional distress, or death, IPV has been implicated as a risk factor for unprotected sex and higher incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (Davila, Bonilla, Gonzalez-Ramirez, & Villarruel, 2007).…”