HIV infections in otolaryngology

Abstract

SummaryHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection may produce no clinical symptoms for 10 years on average. However, after many years of infection most people develop symptoms that indicate progression of the disease. There are no regular characteristic symptoms or early stage, and no logical sequence of AIDS indicator disorders has been observed. People who are not aware of the infection are referred to physicians of various specializations, including otolaryngologists. It is on their knowledge about HIV infections, among other factors, that early diagnosis of the disease depends. Appropriate and quick introduction of anti-retroviral drugs may let a person with HIV live decades longer.

High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

“…40 Rare microorganisms, pathogens related frequently with HIV infection, are usually isolated in later stages of HIV infection. 41 However, the management of OM is similar to that in immunocompetent patients. 10,42,43 Improvement in immunologic status using HAART is a primary goal of diminishing the severity of OIs, 33 and possible complications were associated with OM among PLH.…”

“…40 Rare microorganisms, pathogens related frequently with HIV infection, are usually isolated in later stages of HIV infection. 41 However, the management of OM is similar to that in immunocompetent patients. 10,42,43…”

Adverse outcome pathway for aminoglycoside ototoxicity in drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment

“…Opportunistic infections are one of the common indirect causes of pre-existing hearing loss. The most frequent otologic opportunistic infections found in HIV infected individuals include seborrheic dermatitis of the external ear, otitis externa with otomycosis, and serous otitis media (Prasad et al 2006;Rzewnicki et al 2012). Because these infections are mostly caused by community-acquired organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus, fumigatus, Candida albicans in outer ear and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in middle ear (Prasad et al 2006;Rzewnicki et al 2012), frequently recurrent acute or chronic ear infections lead to conductive hearing loss before or during AG treatment (Ivanov et al 2017).…”

“…The most frequent otologic opportunistic infections found in HIV infected individuals include seborrheic dermatitis of the external ear, otitis externa with otomycosis, and serous otitis media (Prasad et al 2006;Rzewnicki et al 2012). Because these infections are mostly caused by community-acquired organisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus, fumigatus, Candida albicans in outer ear and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in middle ear (Prasad et al 2006;Rzewnicki et al 2012), frequently recurrent acute or chronic ear infections lead to conductive hearing loss before or during AG treatment (Ivanov et al 2017). Due to lack of trained healthcare providers or devices, it is difficult to confirm SNHL by differentiating it from conductive hearing loss by comprehensive audiological assessment, including otoscopy, tympanometry, and air-bone conduction audiometry in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Hong et al 2018).…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Activity of Phenoxy Acetic Acid and Pyrazinium Chlorochromate

“…Aspergillus niger and Fusarium species are plant pathogens and they affect the plant growth. The mycotoxins [29] produced by these are proned to cause lung defilement, ear infections and has been disclosed in HIV patients [30]. Phenoxy acetic acid, pyrazinium chlorochromate compounds are screened for their biological activites towards few Gram-positive, Gramnegative bacterias and fungi.…”