HIV infection, secondary conditions and comorbidities. Part 1: Epidemiology and the basis of the problem

Belyakov, N. А.; Алексеевич, Беляков Николай; Рассохин, В. В.; Владимирович, Рассохин Вадим; Степанова, Елена В.; Владимировна, Степанова Елена; Леонова, О. Н.; Боева, Е. В.; Валериевна, Боева Екатерина

doi:10.17816/maj1847-16

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic of today is characterised by the presence of many severe cases [1], frequently involving the brain [2–4]. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of the central nervous system disorders in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015–2018 (a case study of Russia)

et al. 2020

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Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a leading cause of the central nervous system disorders in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course of cerebral toxoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The study included 90 HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis, who underwent inpatient treatment. In case of positive enzyme immunoassay, HIV infection was confirmed with the immunoblot test. The HIV-1 ribonucleic acid level was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. The flow cytometry was used for counting CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4 cells). Pathomorphological examination included the autopsy, gross and microscopic examination of internal organs, histological and other methods. The incidence of cerebral toxoplasmosis significantly increases at the CD4 count below 100 cells/μl, P < 0.001, and at the HIV viral load above 50 copies/ml, P < 0.05. The clinical picture of cerebral toxoplasmosis included focal symptoms, cognitive impairment, toxic syndrome, mild cerebral symptoms and a meningeal symptom. Given the absence of a specific clinical picture and the absence of abnormal laboratory and instrumental findings, the cerebral toxoplasmosis needs to be diagnosed with a number diagnostic methods combined: clinical examination, laboratory testing, immunological examination, molecular genetic testing and neuroradiological imaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015–2018 (a case study of Russia)

et al. 2020

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“…Infectious lung damage of various etiologies is one of the main causes of pneumonia in patients with HIV infection especially in the late stages with immunodeficiency [1][2][3][4][5]. An important role in this category of patients plays tuberculosis if combined with other opportunistic lung infections [6] among which important is a viral pneumonia (VP) etiologically associated with Herpesvirus Simplex of type 1 (HVS-1) and Human Cytomegalovirus (CMVH) that significantly affects the severity of clinical manifestation and the therapy efficacy because of absence of specific treatment [7][8][9][10][11][12] COVID-19 has created certain problems in HIV-infected patients due to severe damage to the respiratory system and development of coronavirus pneumonia (CVP) which is one of the main reasons for hospitalization of HIV-infected patients and the most common cause of their death [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pattern and diagnostic of comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis and viral pneumonia caused by Herpesvirus Simplex, Human Cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency

Mishin,

Mishina,

Shashenkov

2023

Preprint

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Aim. To study features of social status, clinical pattern and diagnosis in cases of comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis and viral pneumonia caused by Herpesvirus Simplex of type 1, Human Cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 25 patients with comorbid condition of respiratory tuberculosis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in excreta, herpesvirus and coronavirus pneumonia, and 21 patients with respiratory tuberculosis as well as cytomegalovirus and coronavirus pneumonia (1a and 2a main groups) and, respectively, 25 and 21 similar patients, but without coronavirus pneumonia (1b and 2b comparison group) in the late stages of HIV infection with immunodeficiency. For the etiological diagnosis of herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus pneumonia, the PCR test was used for recognition of DNA of Herpesvirus Simplex of type 1 and Human Cytomegalovirus in the diagnostic material of respiratory tract and for the etiological diagnosis of coronavirus pneumonia, the PCR for recognition of RNA was used to reveal SARS-CoV-2. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the use of the Microsoft Office Excel 2019 software for calculation of group mean, standard error of mean and confidence interval. Results. The comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis, herpes-, cytomegalo- and coronavirus pneumonia in patients with late-stage HIV infection in the phase of progression and in the absence of ART was characterized by severe immunodeficiency and generalization of tuberculosis with multiple extrapulmonary lesions. The results displayed similarity of clinical manifestations and visualization of changes in CT-picture in cases of comorbidity the diseases which hampers their recognition due to simultaneous combination of several pathologies with similar clinical manifestations that requires a complex etiological diagnosis of the specific diseases to prescribe a timely comprehensive treatment and reduce lethality in this severe contingent of patients. Conclusion. Patients with respiratory tuberculosis and HIV infection registered in the office of tuberculosis care for HIV-infected individuals in the antituberculosis dispensary represent a group of high risk from COVID-19 infection and CVP disease, and, in cases of combination with severe immunodeficiency, HVP and CMVP, the patients should be regularly subjected to preventive studies for timely detection of COVID-19 for the purpose of their emergency isolation and treatment.

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Epidemiology of three coinfections: HIV, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis in the Vologda region as a model of infection development in the northwestern federal district

Курганова¹,

Melnikova²,

Kovalev³

et al. 2021

VIČ-infekc. immunosupr.

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Purpose. To assess epidemiological situation of three co-infections: HIV, CVH and tuberculosis in Vologda region in comparison with neighboring territories of Northwest region.Materials and methods. The data of epidemiological study of the area of HIV infection, reports on «Causes of mortality of HIVinfected », data of statistic surveys: form No. 61 «Data on HIV-infected», form No. 33 «Data on infected with tuberculosis», form No. 8 «Data on infected with active tuberculosis», form No. 1 «Personal record of patient suffered from tuberculosis coinfected with HIV-infection» in Vologda region and some of its districts as well as materials of Northwestern Federal District within the Regional HIV were studied.Results and discussion. Within the territory of Vologda region, earlier marked out tendency to increasing and spread of HIVinfection as well as tendency to reducing the disease burden of tuberculosis and hepatitis C virus still persist. This tendency is typical for northwest Russia and some of its territories. Co-morbidity is common for pair combination of infections and is less common for three infections in one person. Severe forms of HIV-infection in the course of clinical manifestations in combination with tuberculosis and hepatitis define a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Revealed epidemic regularities of the last years are concurrent with cross-border regions in the East and South from the Northwest.

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HIV infection, secondary conditions and comorbidities. Part 1: Epidemiology and the basis of the problem

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015–2018 (a case study of Russia)

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015–2018 (a case study of Russia)

Clinical pattern and diagnostic of comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis and viral pneumonia caused by Herpesvirus Simplex, Human Cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency

Epidemiology of three coinfections: HIV, viral hepatitis and tuberculosis in the Vologda region as a model of infection development in the northwestern federal district

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