HIV infection in the Women's Jail, Orange County, California, 1985 through 1991.

Abstract

The incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users, prostitutes, and other women seeking confidential testing in the Orange County Women's Jail were assessed from 1985 to 1991. A total of 4616 voluntary tests were completed on 3051 women, and 865 women were tested repeatedly. Eighty-two women tested positively, a ratio of 1.8 positives per 100 tests or 2.7% of all persons tested. Cumulative HIV prevalence increased from 2.5% to 2.7% between 1985 and 1991, increased by age, and showed racial differences. Of women with multiple tests, 29 seroconverted. Incidence declined from 5.7 to 1.4 cases per 100 person-years of observation between 1985 and 1991. The overall rate of seroconversion was 1.6 per 100 person-years of observation.

HIV and Hepatitis B and C incidence rates in US correctional populations and high risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Of the 36 studies, 10 reported an incidence from more than one geographic location [ 34 , 64 , 69 - 71 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 81 , 82 ]. Four studies reported one or more incidence estimates for continuously incarcerated inmates [ 34 , 35 , 60 , 83 ], four for inmates released and reincarcerated [ 34 , 36 , 61 , 62 ], 23 for IVDU [ 34 , 63 - 76 , 84 - 91 ], and six for MSM [ 77 - 82 ]. Together, these studies yielded 53 estimates of HIV incidence, 10 estimates of HCV incidence, and 6 estimates of HBV incidence (Figure 1 ).…”

“…The majority of studies reviewed were prospective cohort studies (86.1%) (Additional file 1 ). Retrospective studies included cohorts of inmates with stored specimens from testing at admission [ 61 , 62 , 83 ], and cohorts of IVDU with stored specimens from repeat testing at drug treatment clinics [ 75 , 76 ]. Inmate and MSM cohorts were predominantly white (40.4%-85.8%), while IVDU cohorts were predominantly African American (41.0%-93.3%) (Additional file 2 ).…”

“…Inmate and MSM cohorts were predominantly white (40.4%-85.8%), while IVDU cohorts were predominantly African American (41.0%-93.3%) (Additional file 2 ). Cohorts of continuously incarcerated inmates included 94.0%-100.0% of men, whereas cohorts of inmates released and reincarcerated were composed of either men [ 36 ] or women [ 34 , 61 , 62 ] exclusively; cohorts of IVDU included 50.0% to 80.0% of men.…”

Outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison

“…Several studies have reported that HIV infection is prevalent among prisoners1 2 3 4 5 and that drug injecting occurs within prisons 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. While it has been conjectured that sharing needles and syringes has resulted in epidemic spread of HIV within prisons, however, to date no evidence exists to support this.…”

Pregnancy Outcomes of Inmates in a Large County Jail Setting

“…A review of the literature indicates that prison populations have poor health status and deficient health care. The most common health problems include substance abuse, infectious diseases, mental illness, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes ( Blank et al, 1997; Cohen, Scribner, Clark, & Cory, 1992; Gellert, Maxwell, Higgins, Pendergast, & Wilker, 1993; Holmes et al, 1993; Novick & Al‐Ibrahim, 1977; Smith et al, 1991; Teplin, 1994). The most common charges for which women enter the correctional system are prostitution, drug‐related charges, fraud, larceny, and burglary, all of which have implications for health status ( U.S.…”