HIV Infection in American Indians and Alaska Natives

Conway, George A.; Ambrose, Tory; Chase, Elizabeth C.; Hooper, Ed; Helgerson, Steven D.; Johannes, Petrus; Epstein, Myrna R.; McRae, B A; Munn, Van P.; Keevama, L

doi:10.1097/00126334-199208000-00006

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Similar rates of HIV were identified among urban and rural Indigenous peoples despite the suggestion that those in urban areas might be exposed to conditions which are more conducive to infection [ 61 , 62 ]. Indeed, Calzavara and colleagues found that almost 50 % of Indigenous peoples living on reserve in Ontario had sexual partners from outside the community—suggesting that remote communities are not insulated from transmission of HIV [ 63 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

HIV Among Indigenous peoples: A Review of the Literature on HIV-Related Behaviour Since the Beginning of the Epidemic

et al. 2015

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From the early days of the HIV epidemic, Indigenous peoples were identified as a population group that experiences social and economic determinants—including colonialism and racism—that increase exposure to HIV. There are now substantial disparities in HIV rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in some countries. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess the evidence on HIV-related behaviors and determinants in four countries—Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States—in which Indigenous peoples share important features of colonization and marginalization. We identified 107 articles over more than 20 years. The review highlights the determinants of HIV-related behaviors including domestic violence, stigma and discrimination, and injecting drug use. Many of the factors associated with HIV risk also contribute to mistrust of health services, which in turn contributes to poor HIV and health outcomes among Indigenous peoples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

HIV Among Indigenous peoples: A Review of the Literature on HIV-Related Behaviour Since the Beginning of the Epidemic

et al. 2015

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“…Although these numbers appear low, surveillance data indicate that reported cases among these groups are increasing. Moreover, data from the Indian Health Service reveal that in three western states, Native American women in urban settings had an HIV rate that was 1.5 times higher than those in rural areas (Conway et al, 1992). Women attending an urban American Indian Women's clinic often present with substance abuse, domestic violence, and unintended pregnancy (Klein & Zahnd, 1997).…”

Section: Native American Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturally Competent HIV Prevention Strategies for Women of Color in the United States

Scott

Gilliam

Braxton³

2005

Health Care for Women International

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Many studies suggest that aspects of culture be included in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) education efforts in the United States. Few, however, clearly identify specific strategies that respond to the unique cultural issues of women of color. This article reviews the literature for culturally competent HIV prevention efforts for women of color--Latina, African American, Asian Pacific Islander, and Native American--and synthesizes components that need to be addressed in programs and interventions. Findings suggest that for programs to be culturally competent, both race/ethnicity and gender, along with population-specific, culturally based attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, must be considered in interpersonal and organizational strategies.

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“…Early reports from 1992 showed a seroprevalence of 1.0/1,000 among third-trimester patients seen in Indian Health Service (IHS) prenatal clinics and a seroprevalence of 4.5/1,000 for AIAN males seeking care for sexually transmitted disease in IHS clinics. 1 At the end of 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 818 AIANs with HIV/AIDS. 2 Ten years later, in 2003, this number had more than doubled to 1,788.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for HIV Disease Progression in a Rural Southwest American Indian Population

et al. 2010

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SynopSiSobjectives. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression among American Indians (AIs) have been poorly characterized. We assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors and use of traditional healing on HIV disease progression in a rural AI community.Methods. From January 2004 through December 2006, we interviewed 36 HIV-positive AIs regarding their socioeconomic status, incarceration, and use of traditional healing. We also collected chart-abstracted adherence and substance-abuse data. Through bivariate analysis, we compared these factors with the CD4-cell counts and log HIV-1 viral loads (VLs). Using a simple regression model, we assessed interactions between the significant associations and the outcome.Results. Participant characteristics included being male (58.3%), being transgender (13.9%), having ever been incarcerated (63.9%), having a household income of $1,000/month (41.7%), being unemployed (61.1%), being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (50.0%), and using traditional medicine (27.8%) in the last 12 months. Higher VLs were associated with recent incarceration (p0.05), household income of $1,000/month (p0.05), and provider-assessed alcohol abuse (p0.05). We found an interaction between incarceration and alcohol abuse, and alcohol abuse was the factor more strongly associated with higher VLs. A lower CD4 count was associated with recent incarceration (p0.05) and use of traditional medicine (p0.05).Conclusions. Alcohol abuse is an important contributor to HIV disease progression, and participants with lower CD4 counts were more likely to use traditional medicine. HIV care among this rural AI population should focus on addressing alcohol abuse and other socioeconomic risk factors and promote collaboration between Western medical and Navajo traditional practitioners.

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HIV Infection in American Indians and Alaska Natives

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

HIV Among Indigenous peoples: A Review of the Literature on HIV-Related Behaviour Since the Beginning of the Epidemic

HIV Among Indigenous peoples: A Review of the Literature on HIV-Related Behaviour Since the Beginning of the Epidemic

Culturally Competent HIV Prevention Strategies for Women of Color in the United States

Risk Factors for HIV Disease Progression in a Rural Southwest American Indian Population

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