Hiv Infection and Communityacquired Pneumonia. Causes of Death

Borodulina, Elena; Vdoushkina, E. S.; Borodulin, B. E.; Поваляева, Л. В.

doi:10.22328/2077-9828-2019-11-1-56-63

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…При рутинном исследовании мокроты методом микроскопии микобактерии туберкулеза обнаружены не были, лишь при исследовании промывных вод молекулярно-генетическим методом у 33,3% пациентов (от числа обследованных данным методом) выявлена ДНК микобактерий туберкулеза, что позволило подтвердить диагноз туберкулез на этапе пульмонологического отделения. Отсутствие обнаружения КУМ при микроскопии с окраской по Цилю -Нильсену на этапе лабораторий стационаров общей лечебной сети диктует необходимость совершенствования обучения персонала соответствующих лабораторий [13,14,15]…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Своевременное выявление туберкулеза является приоритетной задачей, так как последующая изоляция и излечение выявленного больного позволяет разорвать эпидемическую цепь и предотвратить распространение заболевания [11,12,13]. Выявление туберкулеза у пациента с ВИЧ-инфекцией зависит от многих причин, в первую очередь от приверженности пациента к наблюдению и лечению [14]. Получение антиретровирусной терапии и прохождение профилактического осмотра на туберкулез 2 раза в год, включающего рентгенографию ОГК или флюорографию и кожные иммунологические тесты, позволяет избежать развития у пациента с ВИЧ-инфекцией распространенного осложненного, трудно поддающегося терапии туберкулеза [5].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Identification of tuberculosis in patients of pulmonology department, including patients with HIV infection

Dubrovskaya

Игоревна²,

Зенкова

et al. 2021

Science and Innovations in Medicine

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Objectives to define the possibilities of diagnosing tuberculosis in patients of pulmonology hospital, including patients with HIV infection. Material and methods. During this retrospective one-step study, we analyzed 103 medical records of patients in pulmonology departments who had received a full range of laboratory and instrumental examinations, including the Mantoux test and the test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest). The patients were divided into two groups depending on their HIV status: Group 1 included 78 HIV-negative patients, Group 2 consisted of 25 HIV-positive patients. Results. A microscopy of sputum and bronchial lavage did not reveal acid-resistant mycobacteria in all patients. PCR test for M. tb DNA was positive in three patients in Group 1 (33.3 13.9% of the total number of examined patients) and in one patient in Group 2 (25.0 13.9%) (2 = 0.01; p = 0.931). According to the results of immunodiagnostics, a positive normergic reaction to the Mantoux test was observed in 24 patients in Group 1 and in 7 patients in Group 2 (30.8 5.2% and 28.9 9.0% respectively), 2 = 0.04; p = 0.846. The reaction for recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest) was positive in 9 patients in Group 1 (11.5 3.6%) and in 5 patients in Group 2 (20.0 8.0%), 2 = 0.85; p = 0.358. Based on clinical, laboratory, instrumental and immunological examinations by a TB doctor, in total 12 patients (11.7%) were diagnosed with tuberculosis. These patients were distributed among the study groups as follows: 9 people (11.5 3.6%) in Group 1 and 3 people (12.0 6.5%) in Group 2 (2 = 0.0; p = 0.956). Conclusion. The inclusion of the Mantoux test and the reaction for recombinant tuberculosis allergen (Diaskintest) in the set of diagnostic tests for patients of the pulmonology department of the general hospital simplified the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and pneumonia, both for a pulmonologist and a TB specialist.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Identification of tuberculosis in patients of pulmonology department, including patients with HIV infection

Dubrovskaya

Игоревна²,

Зенкова

et al. 2021

Science and Innovations in Medicine

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“…Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and the HIV-infection is a classic model of simultaneous development of concomitant abnormality leading to serious complications and lethality [1,5,17]. It is determined by a high incidence of tuberculosis in population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accent is put to the community-acquired pneumonia caused mainly by S. pneumoniae [5,12,14,21,23,25,27,28,30,33,34]. But in the international classification ICD-10 and the Russian Clinical Guidance on Community-acquired pneumonia in adults bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV-infections and AIDS are put separately, since with significant immunodeficiency pneumonia associated with S. aureus may develop simultaneously, which is more consistent with hospital pneumonia [7,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients With Late Stages of Hiv-Infection With Immunodeficiency

Мишина

Мишин

Shashenkov

2022

Preprint

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Purpose. To study specifics of diagnostics and clinics of comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV-infection with immunodeficiency. Materials and methods. Ninety-three first-time diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 4B stage of HIV-infection in the advanced phase in the absence of antiretroviral therapy were examined. The patients were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group included 31 patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the 2nd group included 31 patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with Staphylococcus aureus. The 3rd group included 31 patient without bacterial pneumonia selected by a copy-pair principle. Statistical treatment of the data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019 with calculation of the mean parameter in the group and the standard error of the mean confidence interval (CI). Results. Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae or S. aureus in patients with 4B stage of HIV-infection with immunodeficiency in the advance phase with absence of antiretroviral treatment is characterized with generalization of tuberculosis and development of opportunistic infections of the lungs with severe clinical picture, high level of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis and the agents of bacterial pneumonia. At computed tomography of the chest a focal dissemination is revealed in the lungs as well as an intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and changes of the lung pattern, which almost does not differ in patients with bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion. Clinical signs and X-ray changes in combination of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae or S. aureus and pulmonary tuberculosis with bacterial pneumonia at the late stages of HIV-infection with immunodeficiency have the same type of character that can be diagnosed only with special microbiological viral and molecular genetic studies of abnormal material from the respiratory system and other organs with obligatory determination of drug resistance to the antituberculosis drug products and the antibacterial agents of wide spectrum. Key words: comorbidity, tuberculosis of the respiratory system, bacterial pneumonia, HIV-infection, immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections of the lungs, drug resistance.

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Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among HIV-Infected Patients and Dependence of Incidence of Infection on the Level of Immunodeficiency and Viral Load

Sergevnin

Овчинников

2022

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

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Relevance. One of the most common opportunistic infections among HIV-infected people is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Aim. To determine the features of the epidemic process of CAP in HIV-infected patients and to study the incidence of infection depending on the level of immunodeficiency and viral load.Materials and methods. The epidemiological manifestations of the incidence of CAP among HIV-positive and HIV-negative population of Perm Region in 2014–2019 were studied. The incidence of CAP in HIV-infected patients was determined in dependence on the level of immunodeficiency (230 patients) and viral load (132 patients). Results. The incidence of CAP among HIV-infected in some years exceeds the incidence of HIV-negative residents in 3.9–9.3 times. Other manifestations of the epidemic process of CAP among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients are similar. The risk group for CAP morbidity among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people are children in their earliest years and people over the age of 60. Urban residents and men become ill more frequently. The subannual dynamics of the epidemic process is characterized by moderate seasonality during the cold period of the year. CAP is most often recorded when CD4 + lymphocytes are less than 200 cells/μl and viral load of 10,000–100,000 copies/ml.Conclusion. HIV-infected people are at risk group of CAP morbidity. The incidence of CAP in HIV-infected people expands with an increase in immunodeficiency and viral load.

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Hiv Infection and Communityacquired Pneumonia. Causes of Death

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of tuberculosis in patients of pulmonology department, including patients with HIV infection

Identification of tuberculosis in patients of pulmonology department, including patients with HIV infection

Comorbidity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients With Late Stages of Hiv-Infection With Immunodeficiency

Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Community-Acquired Pneumonia among HIV-Infected Patients and Dependence of Incidence of Infection on the Level of Immunodeficiency and Viral Load

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