HIV in India — A Complex Epidemic

Steinbrook, Robert

doi:10.1056/nejmp078009

Cited by 103 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Socio-demographic and immunological profile of HIV patients attending ART clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India Prevention of HIV transmission is hampered due to all these factors and the task of controlling HIV/AIDS in India is gigantic [4][5][6]. [7].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and immunological profile of HIV patients attending ART clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Jha¹

2014

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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Background: The epidemiology of HIV should be understood especially with regard to various socio-demographic factors because the most effective approaches for its prevention and control are awareness and life style changes. Aim:This study was undertaken to determine the socio-demographic characteristics and immunological profile of HIV seropositive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Lok Nayak hospital in New Delhi, India. Methods:Two hundred and fifty two, HIV seropositive subjects were enrolled in the study irrespective of their ART status. Subjects were staged as per the World Health Organization (WHO) staging system and the socio-demographic data and clinical signs and symptoms were recorded for all subjects on a predesigned performa. CD4+ T lymphocyte count was determined by the Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACSCount TM ) system . Results:Mean age of study subjects was 33.6 years ± 8.3 years, 66.3% were males, 73.4% were married, 27.7% were illiterate. 32.9 % of subjects were employed in unskilled and semiskilled occupations. Majority of patients belonged to upper lower social class as per the modified Kuppuswamy's scale. 72.2% had acquired infection through the heterosexual route. 66.3% of the cases were in WHO clinical stage I & II of illness at the time of registration. The median CD4+ T lymphocyte count for all patients was 279 Cells/ µl. Conclusions:Literacy status, occupation, socio-economic status and place of residence were the socio-demographic determinants found to be associated with HIV positivity. The commonest mode of acquiring infection was heterosexual contact.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and immunological profile of HIV patients attending ART clinic in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Jha¹

2014

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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“…Since first being diagnosed in Chennai in 1986, the infection has seen a tremendous growth in both numbers and distribution in the urban and rural areas of southern and western India (Steinbrook, 2007). Until recently, however, research on HIV/AIDS stigma had been predominantly limited to the urban epicentres of India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison in HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers in urban and rural Gujarat

Vyas

Patel

Shukla³

et al. 2010

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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The present study measures levels of stigma within health care settings in urban and rural Gujarat, in an attempt to understand how this may have contributed to the state's increasing HIV incidence. Two sites were studied: a rural hospital in Bardoli and an urban hospital in Surat. HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers (N=170) was assessed using a Stigma Index. Overall, analyses suggest an increase in medical education was found to be associated with higher stigmatisation (p<0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference between stigma scores of HCWs in rural and urban Gujarat was not observed. RésuméCette étude mesure les niveaux de stigmatisation dans des environnementaux médicaux situés dans les zones urbaines et rurales du Gujarat, afin d' essayer de comprendre comment la stigmatisation pourrait avoir contribué à l'incidence croissante du VIH dans l'Etat. Deux sites ont été étudiés : un hôpital situé en zone rurale à Bardoli et un hôpital urbain à Surat. La stigmatisation associée au VIH parmi les travailleurs de la santé (N=170) a été évaluée en utilisant un indice de stigmatisation. Globalement, les analyses suggèrent qu'une meilleure éducation médicale était associée à une plus forte stigmatisation (p<0.001). De plus, aucune différence statistiquement importante entre les résultats de la stigmatisation des travailleurs de la santé dans les zones rurales et ceux des zones urbaines du Gujarat n'a été observée.

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“…The PAFs for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C due to unsafe sex were derived as described by Slaymaker et al (58). PAFs were updated for 2004 using country and regional estimates of transmission mode proportions for unsafe sex from UNAIDS monitoring reports and other publications (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). All cervical cancer is attributed to sexual transmission of human papillomavirus (65).…”

Section: Unsafe Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PAFs for HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C due to illicit drugs were derived as described by Degenhardt et al (79). For HIV/ AIDS, PAFs were updated for 2004 using country and regional estimates of transmission-mode proportions for injecting drug use; these estimates were from UNAIDS monitoring reports and other publications (59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). For the GBD 2004, estimates of deaths due to drug use disorders for 2002 were updated using regional trends in the use of illicit opiate drugs reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (18).…”

Section: Illicit Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%