HIV immunodynamics and multiple sclerosis

Roe, Cieron

doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0381-8

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Besides the ensuing CD4+ T-cell reduction, HIV infection has been shown to alter the mechanisms of immunological tolerance and autoimmunity in HIV-positive patients [ 41 ]. Current research has disproven the previously widely held belief that HIV infection generally suppresses autoimmunity [ 52 ], with recent evidence indicating a frequency of rheumatological syndromes in up to 60% of HIV-infected patients [ 49 , 52 ].…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Risk For Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This report presented a patient diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS after 5 years of non-progressive HIV-1 infection, indicating that firstly, chronic (besides early) HIV infection may equally precipitate MS, and that secondly, HIV infection per se probably holds no protective effect with respect to MS manifestation. Although a causal relationship between the HIV infection and the epidemiologically noted lower MS occurrence in the HIV-positive population cannot be ruled out [ 19 , 37 ], the observations of persistent and enhanced immune responses during early and chronic HIV-infection [ 41 , 42 ] have led some researchers to consider an even increased susceptibility to MS in HIV patients with predisposing genetic and environmental factors for MS [ 16 , 41 ].…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, zidovudine, a component of the HIV medication combivir, has been shown to inhibit effectively EBV [ 29 ], but has never been tested in randomized clinical trials for MS. Drosu et al presented recently a case of a HIV-negative female patient with relapsing-remitting MS, whose MS both clinically and radiographically abated following institution of HAART with combivir [ 13 ]. Fourth, the effect of antiretroviral treatment on regulatory T cells (Treg) has been discussed as alternative explanation for the noted clinical stability of MS under antiretroviral treatment [ 41 , 44 ]. Several studies have indicated that downregulation of Treg contributes to central nervous system injury in MS, which is then mediated by autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes, Th17 and Th1 cells [ 44 ].…”

Section: The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have indicated that downregulation of Treg contributes to central nervous system injury in MS, which is then mediated by autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes, Th17 and Th1 cells [ 44 ]. Antiretroviral therapies may influence levels of Treg, CD4+, Th17 and Th1 cell populations, thereby suppressing the HIV-induced autoimmune diathesis [ 41 ].…”

Section: The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human immunodeficiency virus and multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature

Stefanou

Krumbholz

Ziemann

et al. 2019

Neurol. Res. Pract.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are frequent and well-studied nosological entities. Yet, comorbidity of MS and HIV has only been rarely reported in the medical literature. We conducted a literature search using the databases PubMed, Ovid and Google Scholar, with the aim of identifying published studies and reports concerning HIV and MS. Recent epidemiological studies indicated a negative association between MS and HIV in terms of a reduced risk of developing MS in HIV positive patients. Accumulating clinical evidence additionally suggests a possibly reduced relapse rate of MS in HIV patients. Nevertheless, it remains currently unclear whether this observed inverse correlation could be due to the HIV infection itself, HIV treatment or the combination of both. Among the limited cases of MS in HIV infected patients, MS occurrence was mainly reported during acute HIV infection or during HIV seroconversion. This finding is in line with reports of HIV-related autoimmune disorders, which also occur in early phases of HIV disease. Beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapy on MS activity were reported in few clinical cases. Yet, the single phase II clinical trial (INSPIRE), which investigated the effects of antiretroviral medication (using the integrase inhibitor raltegravir) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, failed to corroborate any beneficial effects at group level. Nevertheless, recently published experimental evidence suggests that HIV treatments may hold therapeutic potential for MS treatment. Thus, further studies are warranted to firstly, delineate the immunological mechanisms underlying possible efficacy of HIV treatments in MS, and to secondly, assess whether repurposing of HIV drugs for MS could be a worthwhile future research objective.

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Section: Hiv Infection and Risk For Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv Infection and Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human immunodeficiency virus and multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature

Stefanou

Krumbholz

Ziemann

et al. 2019

Neurol. Res. Pract.

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“…Patients with HIV and elevation of CD4+ with low viral load present activation of the Th17 lymphocyte subpopulation. Th17 lymphocytes have a central role in autoimmune processes in the CNS, including MS outbreaks [36,42]. Finally, we found only one report of a Brazilian patient with an association between HIV and MS.…”

Section: Association Between Hiv Infection and Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 66%

Is there a Low Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in HIV Patients?

Vilaça

Leite

Fiorelli

et al. 2018

BJSTR

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Objectives: Discuss the hypothesis of HIV infection to reduce the risk of Multiple Sclerosis.Method: Non-systematic review using a Google Scholar platform of articles with the keywords: "HIV" or "Human Immunodeficiency Virus" associated with the term "multiple sclerosis" in the title of the journal.Results and Discussion: 44 articles were used in English language for this manuscript. Conclusion:There are few cases of patients with HIV and multiple sclerosis. The HIV infection may decrease risks of multiple sclerosis. The study of this association may contribute to the understanding of the physiopathology in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system and the use of drugs for HIV infection in multiple sclerosis.

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