HIV Glasgow 2018, 28–31 October 2018, Glasgow, UK

Munnik, Suzanne de; Kraan, Liza; Ammerlaan, Heidi S. M.; Wit, J. de; Kok, Gerjo; Grondhuis, L.; dendaas, C.

doi:10.1002/jia2.25187

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In this scoping review, 40 included studies were from high-income countries (HICs) and 6 were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A total of 22 studies were from European countries, including Italy [44,45], Switzerland [30,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52], France [53,54], Portugal [55], The Netherlands [56], the United Kingdom [57][58][59][60][61], Spain [62,63], and Sweden [64]. Moreover, 8 studies originated from Asian countries: Philippines [65], China [66], Japan [67,68], Pakistan [69], India [70,71], and Hong Kong [72].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of study designs were used in the included studies, comprising 20 case studies [44,48,51 [53,86,87], 11 randomized controlled trials [46,49,50,57,64,67,72,80,81,83,88], 3 diagnostic accuracy studies [58,60,68], 3 controlled before and after studies [30,45,70], 2 ongoing trials [51,54], and 1 pilot study [47] (Figure 3). [30,46,66,77], 1 poster abstract [68], 4 electronic preprints [53,58,60,88], and 2 clinical trial protocols [51,54].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversational agents were delivered through a variety of means in the included studies. Most (n=23) were smartphone apps [30,[46][47][48][49][50]53,55,[58][59][60][61]64,67,70,71,75,77,81,83,85,86,88]; web based (n=5) [57,66,73,74,82]; desktop computer based (n=2) [65,79]; used smartphone-embedded software (n=6; eg, Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, etc) [44,51,62,76,84,87], Telegram [45,78], WeChat [72], SMS and multimedia messaging service [89], Windows live messenger [56], or Facebook Messenger [52,80]; and 4 were made available on more than 1 platform [53,59,68,83]. Three studies did not specify the method of conversational agent delivery…”

Section: Conversational Agent Delivery Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 10 studies employed fixed text user inputs [30,46,47,49,50,52,54,58,83,88], with 2 additional studies enabling fixed text and image inputs [67,68]. Moreover, 19 studies allowed free text user inputs [45,48,51,56,57,60,61,66,69,70,72,74,77,78,80,81,85,86,89], and 4 studies used both fixed and free text user inputs [53,64,65,73]. Speech was enabled in 8 studies [44,55,63,71,76,79,82,84], whereas free text and speech were employed in 3 studies [62,75,87].…”

Section: Input and Output Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One article [78] reported on a conversational agent personality that was criticized for being overly formal, and some articles did not report on the personality of the conversational agent at all [30,44,45,50,51,54,55,59,63,67,69,75,77,[82][83][84]87].…”

Section: Conversational Agent Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis (Preprint)

Car¹,

Dhinagaran²,

Kyaw³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Conversational agents, also known as chatbots, are computer programs designed to simulate human text or verbal conversations. They are increasingly used in a range of fields, including health care. By enabling better accessibility, personalization, and efficiency, conversational agents have the potential to improve patient care. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the current applications, gaps, and challenges in the literature on conversational agents in health care and provide recommendations for their future research, design, and application. METHODS We performed a scoping review. A broad literature search was performed in MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Ovid), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database; Ovid), PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central with the search terms “conversational agents,” “conversational AI,” “chatbots,” and associated synonyms. We also searched the gray literature using sources such as the OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) WorldCat database and ResearchGate in April 2019. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked for further articles. Screening and data extraction were performed in parallel by 2 reviewers. The included evidence was analyzed narratively by employing the principles of thematic analysis. RESULTS The literature search yielded 47 study reports (45 articles and 2 ongoing clinical trials) that matched the inclusion criteria. The identified conversational agents were largely delivered via smartphone apps (n=23) and used free text only as the main input (n=19) and output (n=30) modality. Case studies describing chatbot development (n=18) were the most prevalent, and only 11 randomized controlled trials were identified. The 3 most commonly reported conversational agent applications in the literature were treatment and monitoring, health care service support, and patient education. CONCLUSIONS The literature on conversational agents in health care is largely descriptive and aimed at treatment and monitoring and health service support. It mostly reports on text-based, artificial intelligence–driven, and smartphone app–delivered conversational agents. There is an urgent need for a robust evaluation of diverse health care conversational agents’ formats, focusing on their acceptability, safety, and effectiveness.

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Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conversational Agent Delivery Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Input and Output Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conversational Agent Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis (Preprint)

Car¹,

Dhinagaran²,

Kyaw³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Consensus recommendations for the use of novel antiretrovirals in persons with HIV who are heavily treatment‐experienced and/or have multidrug‐resistant HIV‐1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy

Cluck,

Chastain,

Murray

et al. 2024

Pharmacotherapy

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Treatment options are currently limited for persons with HIV‐1 (PWH) who are heavily treatment‐experienced and/or have multidrug‐resistant HIV‐1. Three agents have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 2018, representing a significant advancement for this population: ibalizumab, fostemsavir, and lenacapavir. However, there is a paucity of recommendations endorsed by national and international guidelines describing the optimal use (e.g., selection and monitoring after initiation) of these novel antiretrovirals in this population. To address this gap, a modified Delphi technique was used to develop these consensus recommendations that establish a framework for initiating and managing ibalizumab, fostemsavir, or lenacapavir in PWH who are heavily treatment‐experienced and/or have multidrug‐resistant HIV‐1. In addition, future areas of research are also identified and discussed.

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Switch from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in People Living with HIV: Lipid Changes and Statin Underutilization

Brunet¹,

Mallon

Fusco³

et al. 2021

Clin Drug Investig

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Background and Objective Many people living with HIV (PLWH) on stable tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing regimens have switched to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), despite the potential lipid-lowering effect of TDF. We aimed to assess the impact of switching from TDF to TAF on lipids in real-world clinical practice. Methods PLWH prescribed TDF for ≥ 4 weeks who switched to TAF were identified in the OPERA cohort. Patterns of dyslipidemia were compared before and after switch based on NCEP ATPIII guidelines. Elevated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD ≥ 7.5%) and statin use were assessed. Results Among 6423 PLWH switched from TDF to TAF, the proportion with dyslipidemia/severe dyslipidemia observed after switch from TDF to TAF increased statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) with total cholesterol (5-10%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16-23%), and triglycerides (21-27%), but decreased statistically significantly with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (35-30%, p < 0.0001). These patterns of dyslipidemia persisted in sensitivity analyses restricted to PLWH who maintained all other antiretrovirals (N = 4328) or stratified by pharmaco-enhancer use before and after switch. An elevated ASCVD risk was detected in 29% before and 31% after switch. As many as 59% of PLWH with an elevated ASCVD risk were not prescribed a statin after switch from TDF to TAF. Conclusions In this large, diverse population of PLWH in the USA, the switch from TDF to TAF was associated with development of less favorable lipid profiles, regardless of pharmaco-enhancers or third-agent use. Statins remained underutilized after a switch from TDF to TAF.

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HIV Glasgow 2018, 28–31 October 2018, Glasgow, UK

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis (Preprint)

Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis (Preprint)

Consensus recommendations for the use of novel antiretrovirals in persons with HIV who are heavily treatment‐experienced and/or have multidrug‐resistant HIV‐1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy

Switch from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in People Living with HIV: Lipid Changes and Statin Underutilization

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