HIV, cardiovascular disease, and stroke in sub-Saharan Africa

Bain, Luchuo Engelbert; Kum, Awah Paschal; Ekukwe, Nkoke Clovis; Clovis, Nkeh Charles; Enowbeyang, Tarkang Elvis

doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(16)30092-3

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The majority of data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among PLHIV are from high-income countries (HICs) where more experience with ART exists. In LMICs, there is a paucity of data; however, reports of PLHIV developing CVD, such as heart failure [36], stroke [37], and venous thromboembolism [38], at a higher frequency than uninfected persons exist [39]. Studies have shown that HIV is an independent predictor of stroke [40,41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries

Patel¹,

Rose²,

Collins

et al. 2018

Aids

196

158

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries

Patel¹,

Rose²,

Collins

et al. 2018

Aids

196

158

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“…The frequency of strokes is increased in HIV infection in Africa108,109. A community based stroke study in Tanzania in 2013 showed an increased frequency of HIV infection in new onset strokes, 25% versus 6.6% in controls, odds ratio (OR) 5.6110.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders in HIV in Africa: a review

Howlett¹

2019

Afr H. Sci.

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BackgroundNeurological disorders in HIV infection are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative overview of up to date information concerning neurological disorders affecting HIV infected persons in Africa.MethodsSeminal research concerning neurological disorders among HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa from prior to 2000 was combined with an in-depth search of PubMed to identify literature published from 2000 to 2017. The following Mesh terms were used. “Nervous System Diseases” “HIV Infections” and “Africa South of the Sahara” and “Seizures” or “Spinal Cord Diseases” or “Peripheral Nervous System Diseases” or “AIDS Dementia Complex” or “Opportunistic Infections” or “Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome” or “Stroke”. Only those articles written in English were used. A total of 352 articles were identified, selected and reviewed and 180 were included in the study. These included case series, observational studies, interventional studies, guidelines and reviews with metanalyses. The author also included 15 publications on the subject covering the earlier phase of the HIV epidemic in Africa from 1987 to 1999 making a total of 195 references in the study. This was combined with extensive personal experience diagnosing and treating these neurological disorders.ResultsNeurological disorders were common, typically occurring in WHO stages III/IV. These were in three main categories: those arising from opportunistic processes mostly infections, direct HIV infection and autoimmunity. The most common were those arising from direct HIV infection occurring in >50%. These included HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND), neuropathy and myelopathy. Opportunistic infections occurred in >20% and frequently had a 6–9-month mortality rate of 60–70%. The main causes were cryptococcus, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis and acute bacterial meningitis. Concurrent systemic tuberculosis occurred in almost 50%.ConclusionNeurological disorders are common in HIV in Africa and the main CNS opportunistic infections result in high mortality rates. Strategies aimed at reducing their high burden, morbidity and mortality include early HIV diagnosis and anti-retroviral therapy (ART), screening and chemoprophylaxis of main opportunistic infections, improved clinical diagnosis and management and programme strengthening.

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“…Recently several studies have indicated that lifestyle factors contribute to a number of non‐communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Previously, CDs and NCDs were less diagnosed in Africa, however, in the recent past there has been an increase in these diseases; obesity, cardiovascular disease; and obesity, especially among HIV‐infected (Williams, ; Bain et al, ; Ezechi et al, ; Gomes et al, ; Magodoro et al, ; Nduka et al, ; Sobieszczyk et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Cancer Control in Africa With “Ubuntu”: A Report of the African Organization for Research and Training in Africa (AORTIC) 10th Conference, 2015 in Marrakech, Morocco

Simbiri

Williams

Macaluso

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The objectives of the African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC), includes bringing products of decades of advances in cancer research to African populations through local and international collaboration. The consistent and huge growth in participation in the conferences and the diversity of the nations is a witness to the success of the organization thus far. The theme for the Tenth AORTIC International Conference on Cancer in Africa in Morocco in 2015 was "Road map to Cancer Control in Africa" and topics of discussion of paramount importance for low- and middle-income African countries included childhood cancers such as BL, cancers of the cervix, breast, and prostate; cancers associated with HIV-infection such as cervical, vulvar, and anal; as well as cancer care challenges associated with palliative care. The role of environmental factors that underlie some epigenetic changes in some of the cancers was emphasized. Oral and poster presentations from various parts of the continent indicate the growth of basic and translational science of cancer in the region, with studies revealing regional diversity in the frequencies of the triple-negative breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, HCC, and Burkitt's lymphoma. There was a sign that Africa is trying to keep pace with the paradigm shift and focusing on translational medicine. This was shown by suggestions for application of genome-wide association studies, new generation sequencing, as well as the evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms that may be responsible for variable susceptibility in some of the prevalent cancers in people of African descent. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2287-2295, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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HIV, cardiovascular disease, and stroke in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries

Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries

Neurological disorders in HIV in Africa: a review

Promoting Cancer Control in Africa With “Ubuntu”: A Report of the African Organization for Research and Training in Africa (AORTIC) 10th Conference, 2015 in Marrakech, Morocco

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