HIV-associated tuberculosis

Azis, Leyla; Jones-López, Edward C.; Ellner, Jerrold J.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0695-2.00026-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Some experts believe TB meningitis should be treated for 12 months due to the seriousness of disability and mortality. Nine months of treatment for bone/joint disease should be given due to difficulties of assessing the treatment response (17). In our case, we have treated our patient for 9 months for TB disease and a clinical decision of early HAART treatment was made despite his CD4 count being greater than 50 cell/mm 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miliary tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – ‘a cursed duet’

Tatari

Ramanujam

Mathai

et al. 2016

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Tuberculous osteomyelitis is rare and usually involves the vertebrae but is seldom found in the foot. The uncommon site and ability to mimic other disorders clinically and radiographically leads to diagnostic and therapeutic delays. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who initially presented to his podiatrist with intermittent pain and swelling of his right ankle and foot that lasted for a year. He also started to exhibit significant weight loss and unexplained fevers and was subsequently hospitalized for cellulitis of his right foot. On further workup, patient was found to have miliary tuberculosis (TB) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patient was treated with anti-TB therapy for 9 months and highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Our patient presented with ongoing chronic right foot and ankle pain that was proven to be secondary to TB osteomyelitis of cuneiform bones of the right ankle in the setting of AIDS. The patient's clinical presentation was unusual due to symptom duration and lack of systemic characteristics. Like our case, reported incidence of osteomyelitis of bone/joint in extrapulmonary TB is estimated to be 10%, and out of all bones/joint TB cases, only 1% are found to be in the foot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miliary tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – ‘a cursed duet’

Tatari

Ramanujam

Mathai

et al. 2016

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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“…These include a low CD4 + count before ART, the presence of different OIs during treatment initiation, and the short duration of ART initiation after OI treatments (23)(24)(25)(26). However, there is considerable heterogeneity between studies despite a strong, consistent finding on low CD4 counts (23,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)). In addition, the studies were carried out using nearly similar criteria to define IRIS, indicating that the lack of specific diagnostic tests remains a major challenge for accurate case identification (16,30,31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a controversial burden in the East African context: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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IntroductionIt is well established that starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases a patient's life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals. Considering the HIV pandemic, the major concern is initiation of ARTs to the large segment of HIV infected population, not adverse events from immune restoration. The prevalence of HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is poorly estimated due to Africa's underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in Eastern Africa. Therefore, this study compiled data regarding the magnitude and associated factors of IRIS in the context of Eastern Africa.MethodsThe electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and free Google access were searched till 5 June 2021, and the search was lastly updated on 30 June 2022 for studies of interest. The pooled prevalence, and associated factors with a 95% confidence interval were estimated using the random effects model. The I2 and Egger's tests were used for heterogeneity and publication bias assessment, respectively.ResultsThe development of HIV-associated IRIS in Eastern Africa was estimated to be 18.18% (95% CI 13.30–23.06) in the current review. The two most common predictors of IRIS associated with Eastern Africa were the lower pre-ART CD4 T-cell count of 50 cells/μl and the low baseline body mass index level. Therefore, attention should be focused on the early detection and care of HIV-associated IRIS to reduce the morbidity and death caused by IRIS.

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Ascorbigen — Rifabutin Toxicity Modifier

Переверзева

Трещалин

Treshchalin

2020

A&Ch

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Relevance. Indications for rifabutin use are constantly expanding. It is used in the treatment of extremely complex nosological forms of infectious diseases. However, side effects of the medication, such as gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression, in many cases do not allow the completion of treatment and weaken the patient-s adherence to therapy. This determines the need to find means to reduce the toxic properties of rifabutin.Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of correction of gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity of rifabutin with ascorbigen.Material and Methods. The study was performed in male Wistar rats. The drugs were administered per os at therapeutic doses (50 mg/kg daily for 15 days). Ascorbigen was administered 30 minutes before rifabutin. Body weight dynamics, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, electrocardiography, and urinalysis were performed for all animals during the study. Five animals in each group were euthanized on the 1st and 30th days after the end of the treatment course. The internal organs were subjected to histological evaluation.Results. It has been shown that combined treatment with rifabutin and ascorbigen leads to a weakening of the damaging effect of the antibiotic on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates the processes of restoration of its structure. Clinically, this is expressed in the normalization of body weight gain of animals. The combined use of rifabutin with ascorbigen reduces the depth of cytopenia. The number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood of the rats was restored faster. There were no signs of atrophy of spleen-s lymphoid tissue. The administration of ascorbigen before rifabutin has a protective effect on the tissues of the kidneys and testes.Conclusion. Oral administration of ascorbigen 30 minutes before rifabutin significantly reduces the gastrointestinal toxicity and hematotoxicity of rifabutin and prevents the development of spermatogenesis disorders. This allows us to recommend it for combined use in order to improve tolerance to anti-TB treatment.

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HIV-associated tuberculosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Miliary tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – ‘a cursed duet’

Miliary tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – ‘a cursed duet’

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a controversial burden in the East African context: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ascorbigen — Rifabutin Toxicity Modifier

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