HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection analysis using surveillance data from 15 US states and two cities

Abstract

SUMMARY Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the absence of clinical management, making identification of these cases crucial. We examined characteristics of HIV and viral hepatitis coinfections by using surveillance data from 15 US states and 2 cities. Each jurisdiction used an automated deterministic matching method to link surveillance data for persons with reported acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, to persons reported with HIV infection. Of the 504398 persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at the end of 2014, 2.0% were coinfected with HBV, and 6.7% were coinfected with HCV. Of the 269884 persons ever reported with HBV, 5.2% were reported with HIV. Of the 1093050 persons ever reported with HCV, 4.3% were reported with HIV. A greater proportion of persons coinfected with HIV and HBV were males and blacks/African Americans, compared with those with HIV monoinfection. Persons who inject drugs represented a greater proportion of those coinfected with HIV and HCV, compared with those with HIV monoinfection. Matching HIV and viral hepatitis surveillance data highlights epidemiological characteristics of persons coinfected and can be used to routinely monitor health status and guide state and national public health interventions.

The prevalence of HIV co-infection among patients newly diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or C in Denmark – a nationwide cohort study

“…The prevalence of HIV coinfection among CHB patients found in our study is slightly lower than the estimates published from other low HIV-prevalence settings (United States) of 5.2%–6.3% among CHB patients [26, 27], whereas the overall HIV coinfection prevalence of 5.3% among CHC patients found in our study was similar to estimates found in larger CHC patient cohorts from the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States at 5.0% and 4.3%, respectively [27, 28].…”

Effect of Bile Duct Ligation-induced Liver Dysfunction on Methamphetamine Pharmacokinetics and Locomotor Activity in Rats

“…While acetaminophen toxicity, alcohol abuse, and hepatitis C are expected causal factors in this pathology, HIV viral proteins and antiretroviral therapy can also result in cholestatic liver disease (10) and hepatic fibrosis (11). Hepatitis C coinfection, which is associated with intravenous (iv) drug use (12), can worsen the damage (11).…”

Excess liver‐related mortality among people with AIDS compared to the general population: an Italian nationwide cohort study using multiple causes of death

“…In agreement with our findings, the same study found particularly elevated SMRs among people who had been HIV-infected via IDU (SMR 17.9; 95% CI 10.6-30.3) and those younger than 40 years old (SMR 17.9; 95% CI 9.6-33.3); furthermore, it reported the highest values among individuals with HIV and HCV coinfection (SMR 22.4; 95% CI 14.6-34.3). The excess mortality that we observed for liver illnesses among PWA can be attributed to a joint effect of the high prevalence of hepatic viral coinfections, which share with HIV the same transmission modalities [10,23,24], and other factors, such as metabolic disorders, sustained drug use, smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are more frequent among HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals [25][26][27]. HIV-positive CI, confidence interval; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision; Obs/Exp, observed/expected; SMR, standardized mortality ratio.…”

“…The excess mortality that we observed for liver illnesses among PWA can be attributed to a joint effect of the high prevalence of hepatic viral coinfections, which share with HIV the same transmission modalities [10,23,24], and other factors, such as metabolic disorders, sustained drug use, smoking, and alcohol abuse, which are more frequent among HIV‐positive individuals compared to HIV‐negative individuals [25–27]. HIV‐positive people coinfected with HBV or HCV show a higher probability of developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, conditions that lead to an increased risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma [28].…”