HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Presenting at Urban Primary Health Care Clinics in Two Cities of sub-Saharan Africa

Mbizvo, Elizabeth; Msuya, Sia E.; Hussain, Akhtar; Chirenje, Mike; Mbizvo, Michael T.; Sam, Noel E.; Stray‐Pedersen, Babill

doi:10.2307/3583163

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We saw significant differences in the HIV prevalence for women attending antenatal clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe (25.6%) and in Moshi, Tanzania (6.9%), consistent with earlier reports [9]. The HIV prevalence for both countries rises constantly with age, but while it continues to rise among Zimbabwean women older than 30 years, the graph for Tanzanian women tails off.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In 1999, the prevalence of STIs among women in Moshi and Harare were reported to be similar, except for large HIV prevalence differences, again showing higher prevalence in Harare [9]. This suggests that the higher STI prevalences in Zimbabwe compared with Tanzania during the study period, 2002 to 2004, were caused by HIV prevalence differences that existed over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A previous study of about 800 women in Zimbabwe and Tanzania found significant differences in HIV prevalence and called for more research to find factors that accelerate the rate of HIV acquisition or contribute to the difference in prevalence patterns [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV‐1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Mapingure

Msuya

Kurewa

et al. 2010

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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BackgroundSubstantial heterogeneity in HIV prevalence has been observed within sub-Saharan Africa. It is not clear which factors can explain these differences. Our aim was to identify risk factors that could explain the large differences in HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Moshi, Tanzania.MethodsCross-sectional data from a two-centre study that enrolled pregnant women in Harare (N = 691) and Moshi (N = 2654) was used. Consenting women were interviewed about their socio-demographic background and sexual behaviour, and tested for presence of sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections. Prevalence distribution of risk factors for HIV acquisition and spread were compared between the two areas.ResultsThe prevalence of HIV-1 among pregnant women was 26% in Zimbabwe and 7% in Tanzania. The HIV prevalence in both countries rises constantly with age up to the 25-30 year age group. After that, it continues to rise among Zimbabwean women, while it drops for Tanzanian women. Risky sexual behaviour was more prominent among Tanzanians than Zimbabweans. Mobility and such infections as HSV-2, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis were more prevalent among Zimbabweans than Tanzanians. Reported male partner circumcision rates between the two countries were widely different, but the effect of male circumcision on HIV prevalence was not apparent within the populations.ConclusionsThe higher HIV-1 prevalence among pregnant women in Zimbabwe compared with Tanzania cannot be explained by differences in risky sexual behaviour: all risk factors tested for in our study were higher for Tanzania than Zimbabwe. Non-sexual transmission of HIV might have played an important role in variation of HIV prevalence. Male circumcision rates and mobility could contribute to the rate and extent of spread of HIV in the two countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV‐1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Mapingure

Msuya

Kurewa

et al. 2010

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…Due to the cross sectional design of the study we cannot establish which infection came first, HIV, syphilis or HSV-2 [[8,9,17], and [22]].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden and risk factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Reproductive Tract Infections among pregnant women in Zimbabwe

et al. 2010

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BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are responsible for high morbidity among women. We aim to quantify the magnitude of the burden and risk factors of STI/RTI s among pregnant women in Zimbabwe.MethodsA cross sectional study of pregnant women enrolled at 36 weeks of gestation from the national PMTCT program. Study was conducted from three peri-urban clinics around Harare Zimbabwe offering maternal and child health services.ResultsA total of 691 pregnant women were enrolled. Prevalence of HSV was (51.1%), HIV (25.6%) syphilis (1.2%), Trichomonas vaginalis (11.8%), bacterial vaginosis (32.6%) and Candidiasis (39.9%). Seven percent of the women had genital warts, 3% had genital ulcers and 28% had an abnormal vaginal discharge. Prevalence of serological STIs and vaginal infections were 51% and 64% respectively.Risk factors for a positive serologic STI were increasing age above 30 years, polygamy and multigravid; adjusted OR (95% CI) 2.61(1.49-4.59), 2.16(1.06-4.39), 3.89(1.27-11.98) respectively, partner taking alcohol and number of lifetime sexual partners. For vaginal infections it was age at sexual debut; OR (95% CI) 1.60(1.06-2.42). More than 25% of the women reported previous STI treatment. Fifty two percent reported ever use of condoms and 65% were on oral contraceptives. Mean age gap for sexual partners was 6.3 years older.ConclusionsThere is a high morbidity of STI/RTIs in this cohort. There is need to continuously screen, counsel, treat and monitor trends of STI/RTIs to assess if behaviour changes lead to reduction in infections and their sustainability.

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“…The majority (74.3%) in this study were aged 20-29 years in Nigeria (Kehinde, Lawoyin, (2005). In Harare, Zimbabwe and Moshi, Tanzania the HIV prevalence among women attending primary care clinics was found at 29.3% and 11.5% respectively (Mbizvo, et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Next Priorities for Intervention in Kenya: Results from a Cohort Study of Drug Use, HIV and HCV Patterns in Five Urban Areas

Odhiambo¹,

Mutiso²,

Kokonya³

et al. 2006

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involve students to bring more focus onto content and enhance students' motivation to complete their coursework and reach their desired diplomas, while helping them regulate their psychological reactions to this change. Students' reflections revealed that tasks that implied practical work ranging from the simple group projects to group research and school visits seemed to promote positive feelings, confidence, and perseverance to accomplish desirable outcomes. AbstractIn Kenya, alcohol, cigarettes, Khat (miraa) and cannabis sativa, have remained the most popular abused substance and have been linked to increasing rates of HIV/HCV . This study's objective was to identify the types, frequency, and methods of substances used and their relationship to HIV and HCV seroprevalence among substance abusers in five representative Kenyan cities. Methods: Purposive and snow-ball sampling was used. Among 1420 substance abusers, psychosocial and substance use factors were assessed, with a subset of 120 tested for HIV and Hepatitis C Viral (HCV) infection. Results: In five Kenya cities, the highest oral daily consumption of the drugs was recorded in Malindi (83.3%) and Mombasa (56.6%). Snorting and sniffing was used on a daily basis mainly in Mombasa (85.0%) followed by Nakuru (72.7%) and Nairobi (70.6%). Malindi exclusively practiced injection of drugs on a daily basis with a one-day prevalence rate of 100.0%, followed by Mombasa (86.5 %) and Nairobi (67.9%). Across the five cities, the most prevalently substance abused was Alcohol (36.3%) followed by nicotine (17.5%), Cannabis sativa (9.9%), Heroin ( 8.0%), Khat whose active ingredient is Catha edulis (2.8%), and cocaine (2.2%) and the most popular route of intake was oral (45.7%), nasal (38.7%) and injection (10.4%). Of the 120 tested for HIV and HCV, approximately 61% were seropositive for Hepatitis C and 42% for HIV and 85% were Injection Drug Users (IDUs). Interestingly, of these IDUs, 49.5% tested positive for HIV and 70.29% tested positive for Hepatitis C (HepC). These results support a relationship between IDU behavior and HIV/HepC and the need for an IDU-focused prevention effort that would 1) integrate sexual and injection behavior risk reduction, 2) identify and complement local cultural strengths, and 3) link Kenya's nascent democratic governance initiatives with building the necessary IDU prevention infrastructure.Researchers interested in international perspectives on a range of social issues have fertile grounds for pilot testing of procedures and obtaining preliminary data right within the rich, multi-cultural United States. As pointed out by Rice (2005), the foreign-born population, which currently composes 11.1% of the nation's population, increased by 57% from 19.8 million in 1990 to 31.1 million in 2000; the native born population increased by only 9.3% during the same decade. According to recent figures, more than 50 percent of these immigrants were born in Latin America, over 25 percent were born in Asia, 14 percent were born

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HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Women Presenting at Urban Primary Health Care Clinics in Two Cities of sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV‐1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

Sexual behaviour does not reflect HIV‐1 prevalence differences: a comparison study of Zimbabwe and Tanzania

The burden and risk factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Reproductive Tract Infections among pregnant women in Zimbabwe

Next Priorities for Intervention in Kenya: Results from a Cohort Study of Drug Use, HIV and HCV Patterns in Five Urban Areas

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