HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile

Tian, Li-Guang; Wang, Tianping; Lv, Shan; Wang, Feng-Feng; Jian-pin, Guo; Yin, Xin; Cai, Yangchuan; Dickey, Mary Kathryn; Steinmann, Peter; Chen, Jiaxu

doi:10.1186/2049-9957-2-18

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…This may serve as an explanation for the observed TNF-α level in this study. The observed increase in TNF-α level among those infected with HIV only and the co-infected women when compared to their uninfected peers, is contrary to recent reports [35,36]. Ordinarily, increased concentrations of TNF-α as reported by Kfutwah et al [18] was an indication of increased HIV expression and could facilitate MTCT of HIV.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…There was no mortality recorded in this study was a plus for the effectiveness of antimalarial and HAART was unlike the outcome of a prospective study in Malawi, where the maternal mortality rate within six weeks of pregnancy was 370 per 100,000 women [27]. Perhaps, reasons for this differences in these studies may lie in the fact that both antimalarial and HAART are effective in reducing mother-to-child-transmission of HIV [21,33,35]. Low circulating levels of IFN-γ have been previously associated with severe malaria and mortality in children especially infants with cerebral observed in the levels of IL-2 in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, Ogbodo et al [31] and Singh et al [31] noted that pro-inflammatory cytokines in the placental environment served as a stimulant for HIV-1 expression and possible facilitator of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV. It is known that, cytokines which favour the increased incidence of P. falciparum infection tend to increase the proliferation or replication of HIV [34].One potential mechanism for this was evaluated in vitro: binding of recombinant P. falciparum adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A on human placental cells increased HIV replication in those cells, possibly via TNF-α stimulation [35]. Thus in consonance with Kfutwah et al [18], Singh and John [34] and Verhoeff et al [36], TNF-α was suggested as an inducer of viral replication and high levels of IFN-γ indicate increase in the chances of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Natal Cytokine Levels of Neonates of Seropositive Mothers: An Indication of Vertical Transmission?

Om¹,

Da²

2017

Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Studies have implicated increased plasma levels of TNF-α in clinical malaria and vertical transmission of HIV. The intricate imbalances in cytokines levels threaten successful pregnancies. In this study, pregnant women were polled-stratified for interview and subsequently enrolled in a longitudinal study for eighteen months in the endemic area of Saki. Spot Blood samples (2 mL) were collected for laboratory diagnosis of HIV and Malaria at delivery and post natal. The plasma concentration of cytokines: TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ was determined by cytokine ELISA techniques. Forty-five (30.2%) of pregnant women were sero-positive with 63.3% in babies. The co-infection rate was 22.8 % in pregnant women and 26.3% in babies. The levels of TNF-α was high (30.0 × 10 -3 pg/µL) in non-infected babies at delivery whereas IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ peaked at (70 10 -3 pg/µL, 40× 10 -3 pg/µL) and 16.0 × 10 -3 pg/µL respectively in uninfected babies. At delivery, the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ was 18.3 × 10 -3 pg/µL, 69.8 × 10 -3 pg/µL, 41.0 × 10 -3 pg/µL and rise to 28.3 × 10 -3 pg/µL in co-infected babies. The level of IL-10 was highest in co-infected babies at the second month post-delivery. Also, there was a progressive increase in the level of IFN-γ at the third month among the un-infected, coinfected and seropositive babies. The parasite density in co-infected babies in the first three months and the plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α could be an indication of vertical transmission of both HIV and P. falciparum.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Natal Cytokine Levels of Neonates of Seropositive Mothers: An Indication of Vertical Transmission?

Om¹,

Da²

2017

Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…4 A high burden of parasitic diseases has also been reported in rural areas of China. The infection rate for Blastocystis hominis was approximately 22% in rural central China, 5,6 and the overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths was approximately 40-68% in rural southwestern and western China. 7,8 However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic studies on co-infection with TB and intestinal parasites in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Parasite Co-infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Rural County in China

Li¹,

Chen

Wang³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Epidemiologic studies of co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) and intestinal parasites in humans have not been extensively investigated in China. A cross-section study was conducted in a rural county of Henan Province, China. Pulmonary TB (PTB) case-patients receiving treatment for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and healthy controls matched for geographic area, age, and sex were surveyed by using questionnaires. Fecal and blood specimens were collected for detection of intestinal parasites, routine blood examination, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors. A total of 369 persons with PTB and 366 healthy controls were included; all participants were negative for human immunodeficiency virus. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites in persons with PTB was 14.9%, including intestinal protozoa (7.9%) and helminthes (7.6%). The infection spectrum of intestinal parasites was Entamoeba spp. (1.4%), Blastocystis hominis (6.2%), Trichomonas hominis (0.3%), Clonorchis sinensis (0.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.5%), Trichuris trichiura (2.2%), and hookworm (4.6%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites showed no significant difference between persons with PTB and healthy controls after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was no factor that affected infection rates for intestinal parasites between the two groups. Infection with intestinal parasites of persons with PTB was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-4.17), body mass index 19 (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.47-6.20), and anemia (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.17-5.03). Infection of healthy controls was only associated with an annual labor time in farmlands 2 months (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI = 2.03-10.00). In addition, there was no significant trend between rates of infection with intestinal parasites and duration of receiving treatment for infection with M. tuberculosis in persons with PTB. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was not higher in persons with PTB, and there was no evidence that PTB increased susceptibility to intestinal parasites in this study. However, for patients with PTB, women and patients with comorbidities were more likely to be infected with intestinal parasites.

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“…Similar results have been previously described elsewhere, and it was accepted that Cryptosporidium spp. and I. belli are generally associated with immunosuppression (4,7,31,32). Also, Cryptosporidium spp., I. belli, and I. buetschlii were found in a significantly high frequency in HIV infected patients who were not taking antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: E Nana I Buetschlii E Hartmanni I Belli G Intes-tinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to the HIV Status of Patients Attending the Care Units in Three Divisions in the Centre Region of Cameroon

et al. 2019

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Background: Depression of the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promotes the onset of opportunistic infections including intestinal parasites. Objectives: In this study, we are comparing the prevalence of these parasitic infections among individuals infected with HIV (HIV +) and non-infected (HIV-) enrolled in four HIV care units in the Centre Region of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive subjects and 245 seronegative subjects. These samples were processed using direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, Kato-Katz procedure, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and Baermann techniques to identify both common and opportunistic intestinal parasites. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between HIV infection and socio-demographics factors as well as infection with intestinal parasites. Results: A total of 123 (23.4%) individuals were found infected with at least one protozoan parasite species, and nine (1.7%) with intestinal worms. Overall, infection rates were 27.9% and 22.4% among HIV + and HIVsubjects, respectively. The frequencies of Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar were significantly more important among HIV + subjects (P < 0.0455). Pentatrichomonas hominis and Entamoeba coli were significantly more prevalent among HIVsubjects (P < 0.0210). Heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of intestinal parasites, according to socio-demographic parameters. In addition, Cryptosporidium spp. was significantly associated with the decrease in CD4 cell count (P = 0.0035). The frequencies of infections with Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli, and Iodamoeba buetschlii were significantly more important in HIV positive patients not taking antiretroviral (P < 0.0226). Conclusions: Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, and Blastocystis spp. were the intestinal pathogens more often found among HIV infected individuals. HIV positive subjects were significantly more infected with intestinal parasites than seronegatives in intermediate and rural settings, among individuals aged more than 45 years and among unemployed individuals.

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HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Post-Natal Cytokine Levels of Neonates of Seropositive Mothers: An Indication of Vertical Transmission?

Post-Natal Cytokine Levels of Neonates of Seropositive Mothers: An Indication of Vertical Transmission?

Intestinal Parasite Co-infection among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Rural County in China

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Relation to the HIV Status of Patients Attending the Care Units in Three Divisions in the Centre Region of Cameroon

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