HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

Makoti, Palesa; Fielding, Burtram C.

doi:10.20944/preprints202008.0032.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Makoti et al noted that the respiratory load of SARS‐CoV‐2 was low in people with HIV due to the viral interference phenomenon that leads to the interruption of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in cells already infected with HIV 36 . In overall, there are not yet sufficient data to support or refuse any of the two hypotheses mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Heidary

Asadi

Noorbakhsh³

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are two viral diseases for which there are currently no definitive treatments. Nowadays, because of the health system's focus on the COVID‐19 epidemic, the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has received less attention. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients. Material and Methods Using the PRISMA guideline, the databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched systematically from January 1, 2019 to February 24, 2021. The following keywords were used: “Human Immunodeficiency Virus,” “acquired immune deficiency syndrome,” “HIV,” “AIDS,” “COVID‐19,” “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,” “novel coronavirus,” “SARS‐CoV‐2,” “nCoV disease,” “SARS2,” and “2019‐nCoV disease.” Results Twenty‐one percent of studies were conducted in the USA (n = 13), 16% in China (n = 10), and 13% in Italy (n = 8), respectively. The majority of the patients were men (74.3%). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was used in 47.4% of patients, emtricitabine in 58.4%, and lamivudine in 34.8% to treat HIV. Symptoms of HIV patients with COVID‐19 included coughing (81.3%), fever (62.8%), and dyspnea (60%). Hydroxychloroquine (39.34%) and azithromycin (36.58%) were the common treatment options for COVID‐19. The total death rate in HIV‐positive patients with COVID‐19 was about 9%. Conclusion In the current systematic review, we demonstrated that HIV‐positive patients co‐infected with COVID‐19 have high comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. HIV/COVID‐19 co‐infection might have negatively influenced the HIV treatment and diagnosis, which indicates the need to regularly screen HIV patients in the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Heidary

Asadi

Noorbakhsh³

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Immunological Characterization of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfected Young Individuals

Vanetti

Trabattoni

Stracuzzi

et al. 2021

Cells

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While the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease progression in the general population has been largely assessed, its impact on HIV-positive individuals remains unclear. We present clinical and immunological data collected in a cohort of HIV-infected young individuals during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, virus-specific antibodies, as well as the expression of factors involved in the anti-viral immune response were analyzed. Moreover, we set up an in vitro coinfection assay to study the mechanisms correlated to the coinfection process. Our results did not show any increased risk of severe COVID-19 in HIV-positive young individuals. In those subjects who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection, an increase in IL-10 expression and production was observed. Furthermore, in the in vitro coinfection assay, we revealed a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 replication associated to an upregulation of IL-10. We speculate that IL-10 could play a crucial role in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-positive individuals. These results might help defining clinical management of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected young individuals, or putative indications for vaccination schedules in this population.

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KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

et al. 2021

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether co-infections with respiratory polyomaviruses, such as Karolinska Institutet polyomavirus (KIPyV) and Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs from 150 individuals, 112 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 38 healthcare workers not infected by SARS-CoV-2, were collected from March 2020 through May 2020 and tested for KIPyV and WUPyV DNA presence. Of the 112 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 27 (24.1%) were co-infected with KIPyV, 5 (4.5%) were positive for WUPyV, and 3 (2.7%) were infected simultaneously by KIPyV and WUPyV. Neither KIPyV nor WUPyV DNA was detected in samples of healthcare workers. Significant correlations were found in patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and KIPyV (p < 0.05) and between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values and KIPyV, WUPyV and KIPyV and WUPyV concurrently detected (p < 0.05). These results suggest that KIPyV and WUPyV may behave as opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Additional investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology and the prevalence of respiratory polyomavirus in COVID-19 patients and whether KIPyV and WUPyV could potentially drive viral interference or influence disease outcomes by upregulating SARS-CoV-2 replicative potential.

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HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series

COVID‐19 in HIV‐positive patients: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Immunological Characterization of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfected Young Individuals

KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

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