HIV and HCV in U.S. Prisons and Jails: The Correctional Facility as a Bellwether Over Time for the Community’s Infections

Spaulding, Anne C.; Anderson, Emeli J.; Khan, Mohammed A.; Taborda-Vidarte, Cesar A; Phillips, Jennifer

doi:10.24875/aidsrev.m17000006

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Patient‐reported outcome data for monoinfected patients demonstrated improvements in several domains, including improvements in general health and emotional well‐being, both during and after treatment with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir . Similarly, coinfected patients receiving sofosbuvir and velpatasvir were noted at 12 weeks after achieving SVR to have had improvement in 19 of 26 patient‐reported outcome domains, with similar results seen in patient‐reported outcome data obtained from the ION‐4 trial . When matched for psychiatric comorbidities, patient‐reported outcome scores during treatment were comparable to those of monoinfected individuals being treated with sofosbuvir and velpatasvir.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The results of retrospective analyses of treatment outcomes from Cachay et al argue that many of these barriers to HCV treatment and achieving SVR have been mitigated with the advent of DAA therapies and use of a multidisciplinary approach that monitors DAA adherence while minimizing risky behavior . Given these barriers, programs aimed at identifying and treating coinfected individuals, such as in prison settings, are proposed to lower future health care costs associated with liver disease and decrease transmission in the community setting …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct‐acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult‐to‐treat population

et al. 2018

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The designation of a "special population" for those with coinfection requires reconsideration; DAA therapies have resulted in similarly high rates of SVR for HCV infection in those with and without HIV infection; despite these improvements, however, clinicians must be cognizant of negative predictors of SVR and barriers to treatment that may be more common in the coinfected population. (Hepatology 2018;67:847-857).

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct‐acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult‐to‐treat population

et al. 2018

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“…HCV testing is uncommon across many systems because of the high price of therapies, despite their effectiveness. Nationally the prevalence of HCV in the prison population has been estimated to be 18%, and we have found a similar prevalence among a small sample of people released from the North Carolina prison system (20%, N = 74) [23]. Similarly, the absence of prescription records corresponding to medication assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD is a reflection of treatment practices and not the underlying prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions Among Adults Released From the North Carolina Prison System, 2015-2016

Rosen

Thomas

Kavee³

et al. 2019

North Carolina Medical Journal

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background In the United States each year nearly 570,000 people return from state prisons to the community. Prevalence data of chronic health problems for this population are lacking, impeding planning of health care programs to serve people with chronic conditions who are re-entering the community. method We used medication dispensing records as a proxy for diagnoses in assessing the prevalence of 10 major and 20 substituent health conditions among incarcerated people released from the North Carolina state prison system from July 2015 through June 2016. results Among 20,585 released people, 13% were female; 50% were black; 43% were white; and 4% were aged 55 years or older. Thirtythree percent had ≥ 1 condition and 13% had two or more. The prevalence of chronic health conditions was the following: psychiatric, 15%; cardiovascular, 15%; neurologic, 7%; pulmonary, 6%; diabetes mellitus, 3%; and infectious, 3%. Seventy-one percent of those aged 55 years or older had a chronic medical condition. Among those with a psychiatric condition, 56% had another chronic illness. limitations We could not identify unmedicated health conditions; medications prescribed across multiple disease categories were excluded from our analysis. conclusion In North Carolina, at least one in three people released from the state prison system had a chronic health condition, and among those with psychiatric conditions, most had comorbid medical disease. Coordination of health care after release from incarceration is essential to avoid preventable complications and unnecessary utilization of acute care services. Greater eligibility for Medicaid is needed to scale up transition programs for this population.

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“…A significant percentage of research done in correctional settings is dedicated to addressing addiction and substance abuse, as well as physiological disorders such as diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis (44)(45)(46)(47)(48). While these studies are extremely valuable in their own right, they fail to directly address another primary cause of recidivism such as violent and antisocial behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Training for Very High Risk Incarcerated Adolescent Males

et al. 2020

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Objective: Persistent violent and antisocial behavior, as manifested in conduct disorder (CD) traits, are associated with a range of cognitive deficits. Individuals with more severe cognitive deficits are more likely to commit violent crimes. Currently, no treatments target improving cognition in high-risk CD youth. This pilot study tests the feasibility and efficacy of delivering intensive tablet-based cognitive training (CT) to adolescent males incarcerated in a youth maximum-security prison. Methods: Participants were fourteen adolescent males, diagnosed with CD. All participants completed up to 30 h of unsupervised, intensive, adaptive CT exercises that targeted multiple neurocognitive domains, as well as a battery of standardized neurocognitive measures and computerized assessments at baseline and post-training. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: At baseline, participants exhibited significant impairments on neurocognitive measures, relative to age-matched healthy controls. Twelve participants completed training and showed evidence of target engagement, as indexed by improvement in cognitive processing speed. Significant gains were observed in measures of global cognition, with additional gains in cognitive flexibility at trend level significance. Improvements in these measures were positively related to total training time. In summary, both assessments and intervention appear to be feasible, tolerable, and acceptable in incarcerated youth. Intensive CT shows preliminary efficacy in improving neurocognitive performance in key domains, with large effect sizes, and significant performance improvement associations with the time in training.

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HIV and HCV in U.S. Prisons and Jails: The Correctional Facility as a Bellwether Over Time for the Community’s Infections

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct‐acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult‐to‐treat population

Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct‐acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult‐to‐treat population

Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions Among Adults Released From the North Carolina Prison System, 2015-2016

Cognitive Training for Very High Risk Incarcerated Adolescent Males

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