HIV and COVID-19: review of clinical course and outcomes

Barbera, Lauren; Kamis, Kevin; Rowan, Sarah; Davis, Amelia J; Shehata, Soraya I.; Carlson, Jesse J; Johnson, Steven C.; Erlandson, Kristine M.

doi:10.1080/25787489.2021.1975608

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…The authors of a systematic review reported that age and comorbidities appear to be the strongest predictors of severity and mortality in PLWH. Most patients that developed symptomatic COVID-19; had at least one comorbidity, more commonly hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes 11 . However, these same authors concluded that, although prior case series and cohort studies did not find an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 outcomes among PLWH, recent studies have pointed out an increased risk of severity even in the context of virologically controlled patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the knowledge of the researchers, the following variables were defined for analysis as possible associated factors: i) Biological sex of the person, male or female; ii) Age in years at the time of inclusion in the study; iii) Category of the residency area: urban, semi-urban or rural; iv) Clinical stage of the HIV infection at the time of inclusion in the study according to the classification revised by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 2008 11 ; v) CD4+ T lymphocyte count, CD8+ and CD4/CD8 index; vi) Viral load count in copies/ml of HIV RNA at the time of the diagnosis of COVID-19 or inclusion in the study; vii) Description of the type of antiretroviral combination and drug classes included in the regime; viii) If the patient has had their first antiretroviral treatment modified during the clinical follow-up, a description of the causes and the number of months since the modification until the study entry; ix) Comorbidities present by each participant (obesity and diabetes); x) Habits of the participants (active smoking); xi) Vaccination status against influenza, pneumococcus and hepatitis B and xii) Immigration status in the country.…”

Section: Variables Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with COVID-19 infection in People Living with HIV. A case-control study nested in a Colombian cohort

Alzate-Angel,

Gutierrez-Gomez,

Mueses-Marin

et al. 2023

Infect

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Objective: People living with HIV (PLWH); can be especially vulnerable to the effects of SARS Co V 2 and COVID 19. In this study, we evaluate the factors associated with acquiring COVID 19 and the severity of the infection among PLWH. Materials and methods: Through a case-control study nested in a cohort, where cases were PLWH diagnosed with COVID 19; and controls were PLWH without the infection, 476 people were evaluated between May 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. A univariate analysis was performed with the variables considered candidates. Binary logistic regression models were conducted for the COVID 19 outcome, and among those diagnosed with the infection, regression models for the outcome of hospitalization vs. outpatient treatment. Results: Among 238 PLWH diagnosed with COVID 19, receiving integrase inhibitors p < 0.001 (CI 95% 0.27,0.72) or protease inhibitors p 0.034 (CI 95%0.42,0.97) within their antiretroviral regime, was associated with a lower probability of developing COVID 19. 196 (82,35%) of the 238 cases received outpatient treatment, and 42 (17,64%) required hospitalization. In this case, being older than 50 years p < 0.001 (CI 95% 1.8,9.64) and having obesity as a comorbidity p 0.017 (CI 95% 1.34,17.93) increased the possibility of requiring hospitalization, while receiving antiretroviral treatment or having received vaccination against influenza, decreased the likelihood of this outcome. Conclusions: There are still many questions regarding whether there is a differential risk of acquiring COVID 19 among PLWH. Antiretroviral treatment with integrase or protease inhibitors; was associated with a lower probability of developing the co-infection. Some factors related to comorbidities, such as older age and obesity, draw attention to possible risk factors for hospitalization in this population. Discussing the feasibility of new studies with proposed causal hypotheses that allow directing the research designs toward a more precise answer to these questions is essential

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variables Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with COVID-19 infection in People Living with HIV. A case-control study nested in a Colombian cohort

Alzate-Angel,

Gutierrez-Gomez,

Mueses-Marin

et al. 2023

Infect

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“…In particular the role of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in South Africa. If these diseases seem to have no effect on incidence [40], they were shown to have an effect on mortality in South Africa [41]. This was suspected in the analysis of mortality levels, age patterns and sex-differences, and the demographic analysis appears consistent with hospital mortality in the Western Cape, with a doubling risk of death among HIV infected people [40].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 demography in France and South Africa: A comparative study of morbidity and mortality in 2020–2022

Garenne,

Stiegler

2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Covid-19 epidemics raged around the world in years 2020–2022. The dynamics of the epidemics and their mortality varied by country depending on prevention, treatments, vaccination and health status of the population. Objective The study compares Covid-19 morbidity and mortality in South-Africa and in France, two countries with similar population size and with reliable reporting systems, in order to better understand the dynamics and impacts of the epidemics and the effects of health policies and programs. Data and methods Data on cases, deaths, hospitalizations, vaccinations were drawn from national statistics. Published data on cases and deaths were corrected for undercount. Results Results show a different epidemiology in the two countries in the first three years of the epidemic (2020–2022). Incidence was higher in South Africa, and some 44% more people were infected by December 2022 than in France. Mortality and case-fatality were also higher in South Africa despite a favourable age structure. The age pattern of mortality showed higher values in South Africa among the young adults. Young women appeared somewhat disadvantaged in South Africa. Lastly, vaccination appeared to have had no effect on incidence, but a large effect on case-fatality in France. Conclusions Despite about the same population size and the same crude death rate at baseline, South Africa exhibited more cases and more deaths from Covid-19 over the 2020–2022 period. Prevention strategies (lockdown and vaccination) appear to have had large impacts on morbidity and mortality.

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“…Por fim, sabe-se que o HIV é um vírus que compromete o sistema imunológico, especificamente as células T CD4+, o que pode tornar os indivíduos infectados pelo HIV mais vulneráveis a infecções em geral. No entanto, os estudos iniciais sobre a interação entre o HIV e o SARS-CoV-2 não mostraram consistentemente que a carga viral do HIV afete diretamente a suscetibilidade ou a gravidade da infecção por COVID-19 (Barbera et al, 2021;Millett et al, 2020). O que se tem estabelecido hoje é que pacientes que estão em tratamento antirretroviral bem-sucedido (TARV) e mantêm uma carga viral indetectável têm uma melhor capacidade imunológica, podendo diminuir o risco de complicações graves do COVID-19 (Jiang et al, 2020;Prabhu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Desafios No Diagnóstico E Tratamentounclassified

“…No Brasil, em específico, o cenário pandêmico foi agravado pelas mazelas socioeconômicas que vulnerabilizam e dificultam o acesso à saúde, principalmente devido ao isolamento social que se fez necessário para o enfrentamento contra o SARS-CoV-2 (Alves et al, 2021). Nesse contexto, o cuidado continuado dos pacientes com HIV foi bastante prejudicado, fazendo com que esses indivíduos estivessem com maiores chances de serem atingidos pelas consequências biopsicossociais inerentes a COVID-19, sobretudo a coinfecção (Barbera et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Epidemias de HIV e COVID-19: A coexistência viral tem impacto no curso das entidades clínicas? Uma revisão narrativa de literatura

Silva Neto,

Villas Boas,

Andrade

2023

RSD

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Introdução: A sindemia é caracterizada como a situação em que duas ou mais doenças interagem de tal forma que causam danos maiores do que a mera soma das duas doenças. Nesse sentido, os casos de coinfecção entre o SARS-CoV-2 e o HIV podem ser interpretados dessa forma. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender a coexistência viral do SARS-CoV-2 com o HIV e detalhar quais as consequências da sobreposição desses dois vírus no curso das entidades clínicas dos pacientes com essa coinfecção. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura acerca das características clínicas gerais sobre a coinfecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com HIV. Utilizou-se a estratégia PICO para a elaboração da pergunta norteadora. Ademais, realizou-se o cruzamento dos descritores “HIV”; “COVID-19”; “Coinfecção”, nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos mostram que a coinfecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 envolve nuances específicas dentro da análise médica, perpassando por interações entre as terapias antirretrovirais e a resposta imunológica, por desafios no que tange o diagnóstico e o tratamento, e até mesmo pelas suas implicações na saúde pública. Conclusão: Tanto a COVID-19, quanto o HIV/AIDS são problemas de saúde gravíssimos que a humanidade enfrenta há algum tempo. A situação é ainda pior quando pacientes com HIV contraem o vírus respiratório, sendo necessário mobilizar rapidamente recursos para o combate simultâneo das doenças.

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HIV and COVID-19: review of clinical course and outcomes

Cited by 36 publications

References 209 publications

Factors associated with COVID-19 infection in People Living with HIV. A case-control study nested in a Colombian cohort

Factors associated with COVID-19 infection in People Living with HIV. A case-control study nested in a Colombian cohort

Covid-19 demography in France and South Africa: A comparative study of morbidity and mortality in 2020–2022

Epidemias de HIV e COVID-19: A coexistência viral tem impacto no curso das entidades clínicas? Uma revisão narrativa de literatura

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