HIV and chronic lung disease

Abstract

Purpose of reviewAs people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) age, aging-related comorbidities have come into focus as major challenges to their overall health. In this review, an in-depth overview of the two most commonly encountered chronic lung diseases in PLWH, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, is provided. Recent findingsThe risk for both COPD and lung cancer remains significantly higher in PLWH compared to the HIVuninfected population, although fortunately rates of lung cancer appear to be declining over the last two decades. Outcomes for PLWH with these conditions, though, continue to be poor with worse survival rates in comparison to the general population. PLWH still face major barriers in accessing care for these conditions, including a higher likelihood of being underdiagnosed with COPD and a lower likelihood of being referred for lung cancer screening or treatment. A lack of evidence for optimal treatment strategies for both COPD and lung cancer still hampers the care of PLWH with these conditions. SummaryCOPD and lung cancer represent substantial burdens of disease in PLWH. Improved access to standard-ofcare screening and treatment and greater investigation into therapeutic responses specifically in this population are recommended.

Incidence and Risks of HIV Infection, Medication Options, and Adverse Effects in Accidental Needle Stick Injuries: A Narrative Review

“…Alcohol use should be discouraged in patients with HIV as it is known to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity and fibrosis progression [ 41 ]. Patients living with HIV with lung disease (with HIV and co-existing lung disease), specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, have an increased burden of disease (morbidity) and a poorer survival rate [ 42 ]. Living with a diagnosis of HIV while experiencing certain demographic and clinical characteristics, such as binge drinking, compulsive sexual behavior, polysubstance use, intimate partner violence, and depression, have a significantly decreased quality of life [ 43 ].…”

COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies

“…17,18 Part of this heterogeneity is due to differences in COPD classification methods, such as self-report, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes, use of CT scans, and spirometry. 17,19 For example, a systematic review and meta-analysis by Bigna et al evaluating the global prevalence of COPD among PWH found that the prevalence varied from 5.6% to 10.6% depending on the diagnostic criteria used, with a higher prevalence when using spirometric criteria instead of self-report or ICD diagnostic codes. 4 Geography COPD in PWH occurs anywhere PWH reside.…”