HIV and AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in the state of Qatar: A cohort population-based retrospective study covering 17 years (2000–2016)

Ali, Maryam Al; Razok, Almurtada; Gassim, Mahmoud; Elmaki, Nada; Goravey, Wael; Al-Khal, Abdul Latif; Almaslamani, Muna; Alsoub, Hussam

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103842

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the rest of the countries, the trend was unsteady. The significant decreasing trend we observed in Qatar was consistent with findings from a cohort study during a 17-year period, which demonstrated the lower incidence rate of HIV in comparison to the world average 28 . Shakiba, et al, reported Qatar as the country with the lowest HIV burden in 2017 in the region 20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This reduction trend may be explained by earlier diagnosis and implementation of the curative intervention. The HIV screening programs, prophylaxis, and early use of antiretroviral therapy may lead to a decrease in the rate of HIV-related morbidity and mortality 28 . The possible reasons for the reduction of morbidity and mortality of HIV in Qatar maybe the regular implementation of HIV early screening programs for immigrants, especially if they stay for more than one month, as well as premarital, pre-employment, and antenatal screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends and projection of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa (1990–2030)

Khorrami,

Balooch Hasankhani,

Khezri

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Evidence shows a growing trend of the HIV epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). We aimed to project the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in the region from 1990 to 2019 and assess its trend by 2025, and 2030. We extracted the HIV incidence, mortality, and DALY data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and UNAIDS databases. The joinpoint regression model was used to examine changes in HIV trends. The trend changes were estimated by average annual percent change (AAPC). In most countries, an increasing trend was observed in HIV incidence, mortality, and DALY. Specifically, the highest growth in the annual incidence rate was related to Egypt (AAPC = 14.4, GBD) and Iran (AAPC = 9.6, UNAIDS). Notably, Qatar (AAPC = − 5.6, GBD), Bahrain (AAPC = − 3.3, GBD), and Somalia (AAPC = − 4.2, UNAIDS) demonstrated a significant reduction in incidence. Regarding mortality rates, Djibouti (AAPC = 24.2, GBD) and Iran (AAPC = 16.2, UNAIDS) exhibited a significant increasing pattern. Furthermore, the estimated increase in incidence by 2030 was most marked in Djibouti (985%) and Iran (174%). Iran (422%) and Egypt (339%) showed a prominent rise in mortality rates. GBD data showed 16 countries had an increasing pattern in DALY in both genders. According to age and period effects, there was a significant upward trend in incidence, mortality rates, and DALY. Findings highlighted the urgent need for improved prevention and treatment services, including expanding access to HIV testing, promoting safe practices, increasing antiretroviral therapy coverage, and supporting targeted interventions for high-risk populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and projection of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa (1990–2030)

Khorrami,

Balooch Hasankhani,

Khezri

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, Ali et al found the opportunistic infection rate as 32.3% among 167 HIV patients in Qatar. They also found the most common opportunistic illness as PCP, followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and tuberculosis ( 66 ). Regarding opportunistic infections in small cities like Midwest Santa Catarina, Amorim et al analyzed the records of 143 HIV/AIDS patients from Brazil, and they found that opportunistic infections were present in 38.5% of the patients (4.9% of the patients had tuberculosis) ( 67 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Patients in Turkey: A Systematic Review

Önal¹,

Akalın²

2023

Infect Dis Clin Microbiol

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This study aimed to identify opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Turkey. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies published up to October 1, 2022, in the Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), and ULAKBİM TR Dizin databases. We searched for medical subject headings (MeSH) terms of (HIV) OR (AIDS) OR (human immunodeficiency virus) AND (opportunistic infections) AND (Turkey). Fifty-five studies in Pubmed, 68 in WoS, and 212 in ULAKBİM TR Dizin were listed with these keywords. After removing duplicated studies, we included 22 original articles, two poster presentations, one short communication, one letter to the editor, and 17 case reports/series. Out of 1582 patients, we defined 788 patients (49.8%) as late presenters. In addition, we detected tuberculosis (286, 5.5%), candidal infections (207, 4%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) (113, 2.1%) as the most frequent opportunistic infections. According to our analysis, late presentation is a major problem in our country, and more screening and sensitization campaigns should be carried out to ensure early diagnosis and earlier care of patients. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, opportunistic infections, Turkey

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“…By country percent rates are as follows: USA 0% (0/70418), Zambia 0% (0/1115), Tanzania 0% (0/279), South Africa 4.40% (25/567), Thailand 9.83% (36/366), Japan 84.73% (3631/4285), Iran 6.52% (21/322), Ethiopia 3.55% (6/169), Table 1. Notice: Some of the studies in this table were not included in the odds-ratio analysis due to heterogeneity and bias assessment problems [110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117]. However, they were included in other analyses.…”

Section: The Pooled Prevalence Of Pcp Among the Hiv-negative Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ahmadpour,

Valilou,

Ghanizadegan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated pneumocystosis (HAP) is poorly described on a worldwide scale. We searched related databases between January 2000 and December 2022 for studies reporting HAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect (version 2.7.9) and STATA (version 17) according to the random-effects model for DerSimonian and Laird method and metan and metaprop commands, respectively. Twenty-nine studies with 38554 HIV-positive, 79893 HIV-negative, and 4044 HAP populations were included. The pooled prevalence of HAP was 35.4% (95% CI 23.8 to 47.9). In contrast, the pooled prevalence of PCP among HIV-negative patients was 10.16% (95% CI 2 to 25.3). HIV-positive patients are almost 12 times more susceptible to PCP than the HIV-negative population (OR: 11.710; 95% CI: 5.420 to 25.297). The mortality among HAP patients was 52% higher than non-PCP patients (OR 1.522; 95% CI 0.959 to 2.416). HIV-positive men had a 7% higher chance rate for PCP than women (OR 1.073; 95% CI 0.674 to 1.706). Prophylactic (OR: 6.191; 95% CI: 0.945 to 40.545) and antiretroviral therapy (OR 3.356; 95% CI 0.785 to 14.349) were used in HAP patients six and three times more than HIV-positive PCP-negatives, respectively. The control and management strategies should revise and updated by health policy-makers on a worldwide scale. Finally, for better management and understanding of the epidemiology and characteristics of this coinfection, designing further studies is recommended.

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HIV and AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in the state of Qatar: A cohort population-based retrospective study covering 17 years (2000–2016)

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Trends and projection of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa (1990–2030)

Trends and projection of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years of HIV in the Middle East and North Africa (1990–2030)

Opportunistic Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Patients in Turkey: A Systematic Review

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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