HIV/AIDS: Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in HIV Type 1–Infected Persons

Strick, Lara; Wald, Anna; Celum, Connie

doi:10.1086/505496

Cited by 141 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Suppression of HSV coinfection may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for achieving this goal. Indeed, some authors (76,77) have already suggested that all HSV-2-HIVcoinfected individuals receive chronic anti-HSV therapy with acyclovir or its prodrugs for this purpose, but clinical trial data in support of this recommendation are currently lacking. HSV-2 therapy may also be of benefit to individuals already using HAART, in whom adjunctive measures to improve the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy are still needed.…”

Section: Implications For Clinical Practice and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Tan

Kaul

Walsmley

2009

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common coinfections seen in individuals infected with HIV-1. Most research on HSV-HIV coinfection has focused on HSV-2, and in particular, on its impact on HIV transmission. HSV-2 is associated with micro- and macroulcerations in genital mucosal surfaces, increased numbers of HIV target cells in genital mucosal tissue and increases in plasma HIV viral load of up to 0.5 log10copies/mL, such that HSV-2 infection increases the risk of both HIV acquisition and transmission. Because plasma HIV RNA levels are a major determinant of rates of CD4 cell decline, HSV-2 coinfection may also adversely affect the progression of HIV disease. Anti-HSV medications have in fact been associated with reciprocal decreases in HIV viral load in short-term studies. These findings have led to the development of several clinical trials of HSV-2 suppression as strategies for preventing HIV transmission and slowing the rate of HIV disease progression. HSV-1 coinfection has largely been ignored from this growing body of research, yet there are several reasons that this coinfection remains an important issue for study. First, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 is consistently higher than that of HSV-2 among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected populations, underscoring the relevance of HSV-1 coinfection to the majority of HIV-infected persons. Second, pre-existing HSV-1 antibodies in individuals may modulate the course of subsequently acquired HSV-2 infection; the implications of such changes on HSV-HIV coinfection remain unexplored. Third, HSV-1 and HSV-2 are closely related viruses that share 83% genetic homology. Their virological and pathobiological similarities suggest that their implications on HIV pathogenesis may be similar as well. Finally, HSV-1 is becoming increasingly relevant because the incidence of genital HSV-1 has risen. Although genital herpes is traditionally associated with HSV-2, recent studies have shown that the majority of serologically confirmed primary genital herpes in some settings is attributable to HSV-1. Because the genital tract is an important site of biological interaction between HSV and HIV, this epidemiological change may be clinically important.

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Section: Implications For Clinical Practice and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Tan

Kaul

Walsmley

2009

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Of the substances tested, galangin and kaempferol (Fig. 4) had the highest anti-HSV activity, reducing the viral titer by 2log 10 or more (38). This was confirmed by Lyu et al, who additionally demonstrated that the two substances had high anti-HSV in vitro activity, and that flavonols had higher activity than flavones (39).…”

Section: Natural Products With Anti-herpes Simplex Virus Activitymentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Nonetheless, in recent years the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 has increased significantly in some developed countries (7), probably because a decreased likelihood of contracting HSV-1 infection during early childhood has led to increased chances of infection during sexual contact. This is particularly worrisome as genital herpes infections have been shown to at least double the risk of sexually-acquired HIV infections (5,8,9), with the prevalence of HSV-2 in HIV-infected individuals estimated to be as high as 90% in certain populations (10).…”

Section: Standard Treatment Of Herpes Simplex Virus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus: Drug resistance and new treatment options using natural products (Review)

Mundinger

Efferth²

2008

Mol Med Rep

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Abstract. As herpes simplex infections are very common worldwide, new treatment options are of high importance, especially for immunosuppressed individuals. Although the standard treatment options have shown high effectiveness for decades, the risk that drug resistance will emerge remains significant. It is therefore important that new drug targets and new treatments are investigated, not just in preliminary tests, but also in vitro, in vivo and by clinical testing. One valuable source for new treatments is the abundance of molecules from natural products that have been shown to possess antiviral properties. Several potential candidates for the development of new anti-herpes drugs are discussed in this short review. Contents1. Standard treatment of herpes simplex virus infections 2. Natural products with anti-herpes simplex virus activity 3. Conclusions

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“…Similar to immunocompetent individuals, reactivation is subclinical in most cases [57]. However, the form of reactivation is closely related with the rate of immunosuppression and ulcerate, necrotic, painful, massive, multiple, and atypical lesions may be observed especially in patients with Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infectionslow CD4+ cell count [58]. Resistance is a high possibility in HIV+ patients.…”

Section: Hsv Management In Hiv-positive Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Herpes

Emre¹,

Akkus²

2017

Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most commonly seen sexually transmited infections in the world. Genital herpes is a serious health problem because the infection continues through life with remissions and relapses, it causes recurring painful ulcers, and there is no known cure for it. The real prevalence of the genital herpes infection is unknown due to asymptomatic cases. The majority of infected individuals are not aware of the infection due to short duration of symptoms and signs or its asymptomatic nature. The clinical presentation of genital herpes shows certain differences in terms of the primary atack following the irst encounter with the virus and recurrent atacks. There is a strong relationship between HSV-2 positivity and human immunodeiciency virus (HIV). A serious complication of genital herpes in the mother during pregnancy, neonatal herpes, has a mortality risk of 60% if not treated. Antiviral therapy is safe and efective, for both episodic treatment and chronic suppression of HSV. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory, and treatment options of genital herpes are summarized in this chapter.

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HIV/AIDS: Management of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in HIV Type 1–Infected Persons

Cited by 141 publications

References 123 publications

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Herpes simplex virus: Drug resistance and new treatment options using natural products (Review)

Genital Herpes

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