HIV/AIDS Disparities: The Mounting Epidemic Plaguing US Blacks

Oramasionwu, Christine U.; Brown, Carolyn M.; Ryan, Laurajo; Lawson, Kenneth A.; Hunter, Jonathan; Frei, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31130-5

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The relevance of our results to individuals without a history of intravenous drug use is not known. While this may limit the generalizability of our findings to other populations, the demographics of our study cohort are similar to those at risk for HIV and COPD [44–47]. The large size of our cohort makes us susceptible to detection of statistically but not clinically relevant differences in scores between study groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

HIV and COPD: impact of risk behaviors and diseases on quality of life

et al. 2010

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Purpose Smoking worsens quality of life among HIV-infected individuals, but it remains unclear if this association is related simply to smoking or to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the end-organ disease caused by smoking. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience study, we determined the independent effects of smoking, HIV and COPD assessed using the Medical Outcome Studies-HIV questionnaire. Results Of 973 participants, 287 (29.5%) were HIV infected and 151 (15.5%) had spirometry-defined obstruction. Eight hundred and thirty-four (85.7%) were current smokers with 23.3 mean pack-years history. HIV infection was independently associated with reduced physical and mental health. COPD was associated with a trend toward worse physical health (−1.48 units; 95%CI −3.33 to 0.38; p = 0.12) and was independently associated with worse mental health (−2.43 units; 95%CI −4.22 to −0.64; p < 0.01). After accounting for COPD and other covariates, smoking was not associated with changes in physical or mental health. Conclusions The presence of COPD, rather than smoking, is associated with worse quality of life independent of HIV infection. Diagnosis and management of COPD in former or current smokers with or at risk for HIV may further improve quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

HIV and COPD: impact of risk behaviors and diseases on quality of life

et al. 2010

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“…In Glaser's HIV related HL study, 21.3% of blacks in the study were HIV positive, whereas only 13% of whites and 2.3% of Asians were HIV-positive [36]. On a national scale, blacks are significantly overrepresented in HIV/AIDS incidence [38]. Patients of nonwhite race were diagnosed earlier and with a higher level of disease progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States

Shenoy

Maggioncalda

Malik

et al. 2011

Advances in Hematology

100

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Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) demonstrates heterogenous histologic findings, clinical presentation, and outcomes. Using the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data we examined relationships between patient characteristics, clinical features at diagnosis, and survival in HL patients. From 2000 to 2007, 16,710 cases were recorded in 17 SEER registries. Blacks and Asians had low incidence (black/white incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.86, P < .01; Asian/white IRR 0.43, P < .01). The bimodal pattern of incidence was less prominent for black males. Asians and Blacks presented at a mean age of 38 years compared to 42 years for Whites (P < .001). Race was a predictor for survival with HR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.11–1.28) for Blacks. Age was the most important predictor of survival (HR for patients ≥45 years 5.08, 95% CI 4.86–5.31). These current patterns for presentation and outcomes of HL help to delineate key populations in order to explore risk factors for HL and strategies to improve treatment outcomes.

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“…HIV disease in the US and other developed countries is a heavily stigmatized condition that disproportionately affects populations who are economically and socially marginalized, including members of racial and ethnic minority groups, gay and transgender persons, and people with substance abuse histories 2–4. Treatment guidelines and antiretroviral therapy options are rapidly changing, and treatments have been historically difficult to tolerate, yet require vigilant adherence to prevent development of viral resistance, hastening of disease progression, and increased likelihood of the transmission of drug-resistant HIV to others 5–7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary support for the construct of health care empowerment in the context of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus

Johnson¹,

Sevelius²,

Dilworth³

et al. 2012

PPA

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BackgroundThe Model of Health Care Empowerment (HCE) defines HCE as the process and state of being engaged, informed, collaborative, committed, and tolerant of uncertainty regarding health care. We examined the hypothesized antecedents and clinical outcomes of this model using data from ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related research. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether a new measure of HCE offers direction for understanding patient engagement in HIV medical care. Using data from two ongoing trials of social and behavioral aspects of HIV treatment, we examined preliminary support for hypothesized clinical outcomes and antecedents of HCE in the context of HIV treatment.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of 12-month data from study 1 (a longitudinal cohort study of male couples in which one or both partners are HIV-seropositive and taking HIV medications) and 6-month data from study 2, a randomized controlled trial of HIV-seropositive persons not on antiretroviral therapy at baseline despite meeting guidelines for treatment. From studies 1 and 2, 254 and 148 participants were included, respectively. Hypothesized antecedents included cultural/social/environmental factors (demographics, HIV-related stigma), personal resources (social problem-solving, treatment knowledge and beliefs, treatment decision-making, shared decision-making, decisional balance, assertive communication, trust in providers, personal knowledge by provider, social support), and intrapersonal factors (depressive symptoms, positive/negative affect, and perceived stress). Hypothesized clinical outcomes of HCE included primary care appointment attendance, antiretroviral therapy use, adherence self-efficacy, medication adherence, CD4+ cell count, and HIV viral load.ResultsAlthough there was no association observed between HCE and HIV viral load and CD4+ cell count, there were significant positive associations of HCE scores with likelihood of reporting a recent primary care visit, greater treatment adherence self-efficacy, and higher adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Hypothesized antecedents of HCE included higher beliefs in the necessity of treatment and positive provider relationships.

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HIV/AIDS Disparities: The Mounting Epidemic Plaguing US Blacks

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

HIV and COPD: impact of risk behaviors and diseases on quality of life

HIV and COPD: impact of risk behaviors and diseases on quality of life

Incidence Patterns and Outcomes for Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in the United States

Preliminary support for the construct of health care empowerment in the context of treatment for human immunodeficiency virus

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