HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas HIV-1 is stabilizing in Guinea-Bissau

Olesen, Jens Steen; Jespersen, Sanne; Silva, Zacarias J da; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Erikstrup, Christian; Aaby, Péter; Wejse, Christian; Hønge, Bo Langhoff

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001827

Cited by 47 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This survey has previously been described in detail with reportings of HIV and HTLV prevalences and incidences . Participants were adults living in a random sample of houses in the Bandim Health Project demographic surveillance site, in Bissau the capital of Guinea‐Bissau.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Hønge

Olesen

Jensen

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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objective Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are prevalent in West Africa. To address the WHO 2030 goals of a 90% reduction in incidence and a 65% reduction in mortality for both infections, we assessed the prevalence of HBV and HCV from surveys in the general population.methods Participants in this cross-sectional survey were included from randomly selected houses in a demographic surveillance site in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Participants were interviewed and had a blood sample drawn for viral analyses (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and HCV RNA). Risk factors of HBV and HCV infection were determined by binomial regression adjusted for sex and age.results A total of 2715 participants were included in this study. The overall HBsAg prevalence was 18.7% (95% CI: 17.3-20.2%). HBsAg was associated with male sex (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.64), and prevalence decreased with age >34 years. HBV exposure was found in 91.9% of participants. Although 72.6% of individuals without sexual debut had been exposed to HBV, ever engaging in a sexual relationship was associated with higher risk of HBV exposure (aRR 1.18). The anti-HCV prevalence was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.9%), and 78.6% of those had detectable HCV RNA. Risk factors for anti-HCV sero-positivity were age above 55 (aRR 10.60), a history of blood transfusion (aRR 5.07) and being in a polygamous marriage (aRR 3.52).conclusion In Guinea-Bissau initiatives to implement treatment and widespread testing are needed to reach the WHO 2030 goals.keywords hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, HIV-2, HTLV, Guinea-Bissau Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Hønge

Olesen

Jensen

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…However, as HIV-2 is not regularly included in national testing strategies and requires specialist laboratory facilities for accurate diagnosis [4] the current prevalence is unknown. The recent falls in national HIV-2 prevalence in some West African countries [5] have led to predictions that the epidemic will reach extinction in approximately 2068 [3,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid

Boswell

Rowland‐Jones

2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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HIV-2 is thought to have entered the human population in the 1930s through cross-species transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys in West Africa. Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 has not led to a global pandemic, and recent data suggest that HIV-2 prevalence is declining in some West African states where it was formerly endemic. Although many early isolates of HIV-2 were derived from patients presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses, it was noted that a much larger proportion of HIV-2-infected subjects behaved as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than their HIV-1-infected counterparts. Many HIV-2-infected adults are asymptomatic, maintaining an undetectable viral load for over a decade. However, despite lower viral loads, HIV-2 progresses to clinical AIDS without therapeutic intervention in most patients. In addition, successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is more challenging than for HIV-1. HIV-2 is significantly more sensitive to restriction by host restriction factor tripartite motif TRIM5α than HIV-1, and this difference in sensitivity is linked to differences in capsid structure. In this review we discuss the determinants of HIV-2 disease progression and focus on the important interactions between TRIM5α and HIV-2 capsid in long-term viral control.

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“…1 The world's highest prevalence of HIV-2 has been described in the West African country Guinea-Bissau, and during the latest survey the prevalence (2.8%) was still declining. 2 We recently conducted a study investigating associations between HLA and disease progression markers for patients with HIV-2 infection. Three alleles (HLA-B*58:01, HLA-DPB1*10:01, and HLA-DRB1*11:01) were associated with lower detection rates of HIV-2 RNA in plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV type 2 (HIV‐2) is mostly found in West Africa, and a large proportion of HIV‐2 infected individuals have undetectable plasma HIV RNA, which has been linked with slower disease progression . The world’s highest prevalence of HIV‐2 has been described in the West African country Guinea‐Bissau, and during the latest survey the prevalence (2.8%) was still declining …”

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confidence: 99%

HLA‐DQB106:276*, a novel HLA allele fund in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau

Hønge

Christiansen

Medina³

et al. 2019

HLA

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HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas HIV-1 is stabilizing in Guinea-Bissau

Abstract: The prevalence of HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas the prevalence of HIV-1 showed sign of stabilization. The results observed may be explained by a lower pathogenicity of HIV-2 and changes in risk behavior.

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid

HLA‐DQB106:276*, a novel HLA allele fund in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau

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HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas HIV-1 is stabilizing in Guinea-Bissau

Abstract: The prevalence of HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas the prevalence of HIV-1 showed sign of stabilization. The results observed may be explained by a lower pathogenicity of HIV-2 and changes in risk behavior.

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey

Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid

HLA‐DQB1*06:276, a novel HLA allele fund in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

HLA‐DQB106:276*, a novel HLA allele fund in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau