2008
DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-3
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HIV-1 Tat and AIDS-associated cancer: targeting the cellular anti-cancer barrier?

Abstract: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is accompanied by a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms. Several causative agents have been proposed for this phenomenon. These include immunodeficiency and oncogenic DNA viruses and the HIV-1 protein Tat. Cancer in general is closely linked to genomic instability and DNA repair mechanisms. The latter maintains genomic stability and serves as a cellular anti-cancer barrier. Defects in DNA repair pathway are associated with carcinogenesis.This review … Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(32 citation statements)
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References 99 publications
(113 reference statements)
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“…Evidence also indicates that Tat can activate the expression of a number of heterologous viral promoters, such as herpes viruses, HTLV-1 and -2, JC, and others, implying that Tat may be also involved in the development of AIDS-associated opportunistic infections. Finally, the Tat protein, both intracellular and extracellular, exerts key roles in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated tumors [100,102] and AIDS-associated neuropathogenesis [103]. The first exon of Tat encodes aminoacids 1-72, which include the N-terminal prolinerich (aa [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the cysteine-rich (aa 21-37 containing 7 cysteines) and the core (aa 38-48) regions, representing Tat activation domain, and the basic region (aa 49-58) for nuclear localization and binding to the HIV LTR TAR RNAs.…”
Section: The Choice Of Tat As Vaccine Relevant Antigenmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evidence also indicates that Tat can activate the expression of a number of heterologous viral promoters, such as herpes viruses, HTLV-1 and -2, JC, and others, implying that Tat may be also involved in the development of AIDS-associated opportunistic infections. Finally, the Tat protein, both intracellular and extracellular, exerts key roles in the pathogenesis of AIDS-associated tumors [100,102] and AIDS-associated neuropathogenesis [103]. The first exon of Tat encodes aminoacids 1-72, which include the N-terminal prolinerich (aa [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the cysteine-rich (aa 21-37 containing 7 cysteines) and the core (aa 38-48) regions, representing Tat activation domain, and the basic region (aa 49-58) for nuclear localization and binding to the HIV LTR TAR RNAs.…”
Section: The Choice Of Tat As Vaccine Relevant Antigenmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, the HIV-1 protein Tat, as well as cellular co-factors of Tat, has been reported to be associated with impairment of double-strand break DNA repair. 13,14 Defects in the DNA repair pathway are associated with carcinogenesis. Thus, Tat-induced DNA repair deficiencies may play a significant role in the development of AIDS-associated cancer.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tat’s basic domain and cysteine-rich region could play an important role in these neurotoxic effects (Li et al 2009), and patients infected with HIV-1 subtype C, containing a mutation in Tat’s cysteine region, tend to have less prevalence of HAND (Li et al 2009). Extracellular Tat has also been associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cancers such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, often developing more aggressively in HIV-infected patients (Johri et al 2011; Nunnari et al 2008; Romani et al 2010). Tat’s basic domain, by competing with basic fibroblast growth factor for heparin sulfate proteoglycan, may induce spindle cell growth in Kaposi’s sarcoma (Campbell and Loret 2009).…”
Section: Extracellular Tatmentioning
confidence: 99%