HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in the Republic of Congo

Niama, Fabien Roch; Touré-Kâne, Coumba; Vidal, Nicole; Obengui, Pani; Bikandou, Blaise; Nkodia, Marie Yvonne Ndoundou; Montavon, Céline; Diop‐Ndiaye, Halimatou; Mombouli, Jean-Vivien; Mokondzimobe, Etienne; Diallo, Astou Coly Niassy; Delaporte, Éric; Parra, Henri‐Joseph; Peeters, Martine; Mboup, Souleymane

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2005.12.001

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results indicate a higher proportion of non-B subtypes than was previously observed in France (15% in 1996-1998 and 33% in 2001) that is probably a consequence of immigration from Africa [3,5,23]. However, the proportion of subtype B infections among African persons living in France is substantial (19%) and contrasts with the finding that subtype B is very rare in sub-Saharan Africa table 5on [24][25][26]. In addition, the proportion of infected French citizens with non-B subtypes (22%) was high, whether they were exposed through heterosexual (34%) or homosexual (13%) intercourse.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Monitoring the Dynamics of the HIV Epidemic Using Assays for Recent Infection and Serotyping among New HIV Diagnoses: Experience after 2 Years in France

et al. 2007

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Background. New tools to better monitor dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission are needed.Methods. National surveillance of newly HIV diagnoses included the collection of dried serum spots to identify both recent infections (!6 months) and HIV serotypes. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with recent infection and infection with non-B subtypes.Results. Between 2003 and March 2005, 7902 new HIV diagnoses were reported. The overall proportion of recent infections was 24.9% (95% confidence interval, 23.8%-26.0%) and was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM; 46%). Recent infection was associated with being an MSM, !30 years old, of French nationality, and living in Paris. Nearly half of newly HIV-1 diagnoses were with non-B subtypes. The highest proportion of non-B infections was reported among African heterosexual persons (81%), but important proportions were reported among French heterosexual persons (34%) and MSM (12%). Being infected by a non-B subtype was independently associated with being African, !30 years old, heterosexual, and living in Paris. The proportion of HIV-2 infection was 1.9%, and 11 cases of HIV-1 group O infection were identified, mainly among West Africans.Conclusions. There is evidence of high levels of HIV transmission among MSM in France and transmission of non-B subtypes within the indigenous French population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Monitoring the Dynamics of the HIV Epidemic Using Assays for Recent Infection and Serotyping among New HIV Diagnoses: Experience after 2 Years in France

et al. 2007

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“…However, previous studies already reported the presence of this variant in Equatorial Guinea and the republic of Congo. 19,20 Interestingly, we also found representatives of the recently characterized CRF26_A5U variant that has been reported to circulate in DRC and in previous samples from Equatorial Guinea. 14 We also documented the presence of variants previously known only from Cameroon, such as subsubtype F2 and CRF22_A101.…”

Section: Hiv-2 Infections Have Been Previously Reported Amongsupporting

confidence: 65%

HIV Type 1polGene Diversity and Genotypic Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

Djoko

Wolfe

Vidal

et al. 2010

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…A few studies describe the molecular epidemiology of subtype G in Cameroon (5,6,31); Nigeria (17,22); Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (35); Senegal, Cameroon, and Gabon (18); and Republic of Congo, where it is more prevalent (20). That the highest genetic diversity of subtype G occurs in DRC (34) is consistent with the currently accepted theory of the origin of HIV-1, which claims that the epidemic emerged in Central West Africa (12,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…It is most prevalent in West and Central Africa (27.87 and 3.98% of infections, respectively) (10). CRF02_AG was first reported in Nigeria (11) and has currently the highest sequence divergence in several West African countries, but not in DRC and Republic of Congo, where it is almost absent (1,18,20,34,35). The complete CRF02_AG genome was sequenced for the first time in 1998 (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination Confounds the Early Evolutionary History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Subtype G Is a Circulating Recombinant Form

Abecasis

Lemey

Vidal

et al. 2007

J Virol

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is classified in nine subtypes (A to D, F, G, H, J, and K), a number of subsubtypes, and several circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Due to the high level of genetic diversity within HIV-1 and to its worldwide distribution, this classification system is widely used in fields as diverse as vaccine development, evolution, epidemiology, viral fitness, and drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate how the high recombination rates of HIV-1 may confound the study of its evolutionary history and classification. Our data show that subtype G, currently classified as a pure subtype, has in fact a recombinant history, having evolved following recombination between subtypes A and J and a putative subtype G parent. In addition, we find no evidence for recombination within one of the lineages currently classified as a CRF, CRF02_AG. Our analysis indicates that CRF02_AG was the parent of the recombinant subtype G, rather than the two having the opposite evolutionary relationship, as is currently proposed. Our results imply that the current classification of HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs is an artifact of sampling history, rather than reflecting the evolutionary history of the virus. We suggest a reanalysis of all pure subtypes and CRFs in order to better understand how high rates of recombination have influenced HIV-1 evolutionary history.

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HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in the Republic of Congo

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Monitoring the Dynamics of the HIV Epidemic Using Assays for Recent Infection and Serotyping among New HIV Diagnoses: Experience after 2 Years in France

Monitoring the Dynamics of the HIV Epidemic Using Assays for Recent Infection and Serotyping among New HIV Diagnoses: Experience after 2 Years in France

HIV Type 1polGene Diversity and Genotypic Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea

Recombination Confounds the Early Evolutionary History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Subtype G Is a Circulating Recombinant Form

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