HIV‐1 seroconversion promotes rapid changes in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV‐16 antibodies in female sex workers

Marais, Dianne J.; Carrara, Henri; Ramjee, Gita; Kay, Patti; Williamson, Anna‐Lise

doi:10.1002/jmv.21343

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Consistent condom use with clients varied, with a range of 16%-77% in Africa [16, 17], 65.7-99.2% in the Americas [9,18], 37% in the Eastern Mediterranean [19], 50% in Europe [20], 69.3-82.9% in Southeast Asia [21, 22] and 85-90.8% in the Western Pacific [15,23]. Other popular mechanisms of contraceptives were the barrier method [9] and microbicides [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of partners per week ranged from 2 [29] to over 20 [17]. The number of partners per week ranged from 2.3-20 in Africa [17, 29], while 42% of women from studies in the Americas had less than 7 partners [9,30]. Another study from the Americas reported an average of 166 partners in the past month [18], whereas a study from the Western Pacific region reported an average of 18 partners in the past month [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cervical HPV Infection in Female Sex Workers: A Global Perspective

Soohoo¹,

Blas²,

Byraiah³

et al. 2013

TOAIDJ

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Introduction: Approximately 291 million women worldwide are HPV DNA carriers. Studies have indicated that having multiple sexual partners may lead to higher HPV transmission. Thus female sex workers (FSWs) may be at greater risk of infection compared to the general population. Herein we review publications with data on FSW cervical HPV test results. We also examine variations of HPV prevalence and risk behaviors by region. Knowledge of prevalent HPV types in FSWs may lead to improved prevention measures and assist in understanding vaccination in high-risk groups.Methods: We conducted a review of the literature by searching PUBMED using the terms “prostitution” or “female sex workers”, “human papillomavirus” or “HPV”, and “prevalence” or “PCR” to find articles. We excluded studies without HPV testing or HPV type specific results, or unconventional HPV testing.Results: A total of 35 peer-reviewed publications were included in our review. High risk HPV types 16 and 18 ranged from 1.1-38.9‰ in prevalence. In addition to high-risk HPV types, newer studies reported non-carcinogenic HPV types also of high prevalence. The most prevalent HPV types reported among FSWs included HPV 6 (11.5%), 16 (38.9%), 18 (23.1%), 31 (28.4%), 52 (32.7%), and 58 (26.0%).Conclusions: Female sex workers have an overall high prevalence of HPV infection of high-risk types as evident through various testing methods. FSWs are thought to be at increased risk of cervical cancer because of high HPV exposure. This highlights the need for HPV and cervical prevention campaigns tailored to FSWs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cervical HPV Infection in Female Sex Workers: A Global Perspective

Soohoo¹,

Blas²,

Byraiah³

et al. 2013

TOAIDJ

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“…The mechanisms leading to any of the putative interactions we detected between HPV types in the skin or vagina may be quite diverse. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence for complex interactions between viruses and the immune environment in the genital tract (59,60) and between microbial flora and viruses in the gut (61,62). While our analysis provides a survey of putative interactions between HPV types in health, future studies of possible interactions with members of the bacterial flora and other members of the viral flora not assayed here are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papillomavirus Community in Healthy Persons, Defined by Metagenomics Analysis of Human Microbiome Project Shotgun Sequencing Data Sets

Karaöz

Nossa³

et al. 2014

J Virol

113

101

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes a number of neoplastic diseases in humans. Here, we show a complex normal HPV community in a cohort of 103 healthy human subjects, by metagenomics analysis of the shotgun sequencing data generated from the NIH Human Microbiome Project. The overall HPV prevalence was 68.9% and was highest in the skin (61.3%), followed by the vagina (41.5%), mouth (30%), and gut (17.3%). Of the 109 HPV types as well as additional unclassified types detected, most were undetectable by the widely used commercial kits targeting the vaginal/cervical HPV types. These HPVs likely represent true HPV infections rather than transitory exposure because of strong organ tropism and persistence of the same HPV types in repeat samples. Coexistence of multiple HPV types was found in 48.1% of the HPV-positive samples. Networking between HPV types, cooccurrence or exclusion, was detected in vaginal and skin samples. Large contigs assembled from short HPV reads were obtained from several samples, confirming their genuine HPV origin. This first large-scale survey of HPV using a shotgun sequencing approach yielded a comprehensive map of HPV infections among different body sites of healthy human subjects. IMPORTANCEThis nonbiased survey indicates that the HPV community in healthy humans is much more complex than previously defined by widely used kits that are target selective for only a few high-and low-risk HPV types for cervical cancer. The importance of nononcogenic viruses in a mixed HPV infection could be for stimulating or inhibiting a coexisting oncogenic virus via viral interference or immune cross-reaction. Knowledge gained from this study will be helpful to guide the designing of epidemiological and clinical studies in the future to determine the impact of nononcogenic HPV types on the outcome of HPV infections. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a group of doublestranded, nonenveloped, small DNA viruses that are widely prevalent among human populations. To date, 176 types of HPV isolated from different body sites have been identified and collected in two HPV databases (http://pave.niaid.nih.gov, http: //www.hpvcenter.se) searched on 30 November 2013, and the number is growing (1-3).HPV is a well-established cause of cervical cancers (4-8). It is well known that long-term persistence of HPV infection is a necessity for development of cervical cancers, and the majority of women with HPV infection show a "healthy" phenotype for most of their lifetime (9). HPV infection has been linked worldwide to several cancers outside the reproductive system, including cancers of the oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, and so on (10-15). Around 30 HPV types, notably types 16 (i.e., HPV16) and 18, which showed a strong association with cervical cancers, were designated high-or low-risk types. Although more and more nonrisk types have been observed from various human samples by traditional HPV detection methods (16-18), our understanding of HPV prevalence has been limited by the narrowed spectrum of amplicon-based me...

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“…The inconsistent results between the three assays are likely caused by weak antibody responses following natural HPV infection in older women and different methods of the assays. In addition, HIV infection and the use of combined antiretroviral therapy might complicate HPV antibody responses and the natural history of HPV infection in HIV-infected women [37,38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of VLP-Based ELISA, Neutralization Assays with Native HPV, and Neutralization Assays with PsV in Detecting HPV Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Women

Du¹

2015

J AIDS Clin Res

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Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are important public health problems in HIV-infected people. Assays based on HPV virus-like particles (VLP) and pseudoviruses (PsV) are commonly used to examine HPV antibody responses in HIV-infected people, but neutralization assays with native HPV have not been utilized and a comparison of these three assays is lacking. We evaluated the agreement of assays using VLP, native HPV and PsV in detecting HPV16 and 18 antibodies in HIV-infected women. Methods The VLP-based ELISA (VLP-ELISA) was used to detect antibody responses to HPV16 and 18 and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) VLP antigens. Neutralization assays with native HPV (NA-HPV) and with PsV (NA-PsV) were conducted to examine HPV16 or 18 neutralizing antibodies. Intra class correlation coefficients (ICC) and kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreements of seropositivity between the assays. Results The seroprevalence detected by the VLP-ELISA, NA-HPV and NA-PsV in 94 HIV-infected women was 35%, 51% and 27% for HPV16 and 14%, 44% and 21% for HPV18. Cross-reactivity between HPV16 and HPV18 was 0.35, 0.04 and 0.33 (kappa coefficients) for the VLP-ELISA, NA-HPV and NA-PsV. The agreements of seropositivity between the three assays were low. Six women who were HPV16 DNA positive were seropositive by the NA-HPV but only two were HPV16 seropositive by the VLP-ELISA or NA-PsV. One HPV18 DNA positive woman was seropositive by all three assays. Repeated tests indicated excellent reproducibility of the NA-HPV. Conclusion HPV serology results vary across different assays. The NA-HPV appears to be a sensitive and reliable approach in detecting natural HPV antibodies in HIV-infected women. The NA-HPV can be applied in both HPV natural history studies and vaccine studies in HIV-infected people.

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HIV‐1 seroconversion promotes rapid changes in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and HPV‐16 antibodies in female sex workers

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Cervical HPV Infection in Female Sex Workers: A Global Perspective

Cervical HPV Infection in Female Sex Workers: A Global Perspective

Human Papillomavirus Community in Healthy Persons, Defined by Metagenomics Analysis of Human Microbiome Project Shotgun Sequencing Data Sets

Comparisons of VLP-Based ELISA, Neutralization Assays with Native HPV, and Neutralization Assays with PsV in Detecting HPV Antibody Responses in HIV-Infected Women

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