HIV-1 RNA Rectal Shedding Is Reduced in Men With Low Plasma HIV-1 RNA Viral Loads and Is Not Enhanced by Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections of the Rectum

Kelley, Colleen F.; Haaland, Richard E.; Patel, Pragna; Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy; Farshy, Carol E.; Hanson, Debra L.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Lennox, Jeffrey L.; Brooks, John T.; Hart, Clyde E.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir400

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Viral suppression in blood plasma has been correlated with reduced rectal viral shedding in the MSM population adherent to HAART [84], including those with sexually transmitted infections. This is likely attributable to the relatively extensive penetration and distribution of antiretrovirals in colorectal tissue, as previously described.…”

Section: Colorectal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretrovirals in Genital Secretions and Anatomic Sites of HIV Transmission: Implications for HIV Prevention

Trezza

Kashuba

2014

Clin Pharmacokinet

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The incidence of HIV remains alarmingly high in many parts of the world. Prophylactic use of antiretrovirals, capable of concentrating in the anatomical sites of transmission, may reduce the risk of infection after an unprotected sexual exposure. To date, orally and topically administered antiretrovirals have exhibited variable success in preventing HIV transmission in large-scale clinical trials. Antiretroviral mucosal pharmacokinetics may help explain the outcomes of these investigations. Penetration and accumulation of antiretrovirals into sites of transmission can influence dosing strategies and pre-exposure prophylaxis clinical trial design. Antiretroviral tissue distribution varies widely within and between drug classes, attributed in part to their physicochemical properties and tissue-specific drug transporter expression. Nucleoside (-tide) reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, and the integrase inhibitor raltegravir demonstrate the highest penetration into the male and female reproductive tracts and colorectal tissue relative to blood. This review will describe antiretroviral exposure in anatomic sites of transmission, and place these findings in context with the prevention of HIV and the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylactic strategies.

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Section: Colorectal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretrovirals in Genital Secretions and Anatomic Sites of HIV Transmission: Implications for HIV Prevention

Trezza

Kashuba

2014

Clin Pharmacokinet

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“…Several epidemiological studies demonstrate that GC infection is a risk factor for HIV transmission [3, 11, 14, 15]. However, studies in men who have sex with men (MSM) report conflicting data on the role of GC in increasing rectal HIV transmission [16, 17]. This review will primarily focus on the role of GC in HIV transmission at the cellular and molecular levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of HIV Transmission by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Molecular and Immunological Aspects

Jarvis¹,

Chang²

2012

CHR

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, can facilitate HIV transmission. In response to GC infection, genital epithelial cells can produce cytokines, chemokines and defensins to modulate HIV infection and infectivity. GC can also induce the production of cytokines and chemokines in monocytes and modulate T cell activation. In vivo, an increase in the number of endocervical CD4+ T cells has been found in GC-infected women. Additionally, GC appears to modulate HIV-specific immune responses in HIV-exposed sex workers. Interestingly, in vitro, GC exhibits HIV enhancing or inhibitory effects depending on the HIV target cells. This review summarizes molecular and immunological aspects of the modulation of HIV infection and transmission by GC. Future studies using a multi-cellular system or in animal models will offer insight into the mechanisms by which GC increases HIV transmission.

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“…The use of HAART has been associated with reduced HIV transmission in sero-discordant couples, 20,21 it has been associated with decreased use of safe practices and STDs prevention measures. Serosorting is also an important issue raised from our study, in which a significant proportion (more than a quarter) of syphilis patients were sexual partners of syphilis infected adults, irrespectively of HIV status and derived from risky sexual practices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis on the rise: A prolonged syphilis outbreak among HIV-infected patients in Northern Greece

Tsachouridou

Skoura

Christaki

et al. 2016

GERMS

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Introduction Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health issue in Europe. Numerous outbreaks of syphilis have been described recently and an increased prevalence of high-risk sexual practices has raised concern about the transmission of HIV and other STDs. Similarly, an increase in sexually transmitted infections has been recorded in Northern Greece.Methods This report describes a recent outbreak of syphilis in people living with HIV. The demographic, clinical, and serologic data of HIV patients diagnosed with syphilis were recorded and analyzed. Data on syphilis incidence from the general population was also compared to HIV patients' data.Results

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HIV-1 RNA Rectal Shedding Is Reduced in Men With Low Plasma HIV-1 RNA Viral Loads and Is Not Enhanced by Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections of the Rectum

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretrovirals in Genital Secretions and Anatomic Sites of HIV Transmission: Implications for HIV Prevention

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretrovirals in Genital Secretions and Anatomic Sites of HIV Transmission: Implications for HIV Prevention

Modulation of HIV Transmission by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Molecular and Immunological Aspects

Syphilis on the rise: A prolonged syphilis outbreak among HIV-infected patients in Northern Greece

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