HIV-1 infection in high risk men who have sex with men in Mombasa, Kenya

Sanders, Eduard J.; Graham, Susan M.; Okuku, Haile Selassie; Elst, Elise van der; Muhaari, Allan; Davies, Alun; Peshu, Norbert; Price, Matthew A.; McClelland, R. Scott; Smith, Adrian D.

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e3282f2704a

Cited by 198 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Two hundred MSM from Dar es Salaam and 100 MSM from Tanga were recruited to participate using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) [21,23]. RDS, a snowball sampling method, employs 'seed' individuals to refer who they know; the latter then refer individuals they know using a predetermined number of coupons throughout the network [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used Mombasa HIV rates of 40% in exclusively gay and 10% in bisexual men [23]. With 40% in Dar es Salaam group and 20% in Tanga group, a minimum of 80 men was required in each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been implicated in HIV transmission among behaviorally heterosexual men, there are no published reports of the rate of CSA or its syndemic potential specifically among Tanzanian MSM [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Syndemic Production of HIV Infection among Tanzanian MSM

Adeboye¹,

Ross²,

Wilkerson³

et al. 2017

J Health Edu Res Dev

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used Mombasa HIV rates of 40% in exclusively gay and 10% in bisexual men [23]. With 40% in Dar es Salaam group and 20% in Tanga group, a minimum of 80 men was required in each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Syndemic Production of HIV Infection among Tanzanian MSM

Adeboye¹,

Ross²,

Wilkerson³

et al. 2017

J Health Edu Res Dev

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“…In a study in Mombasa, Kenya, 43.0% of men who have sex only with other men tested HIV-positive, compared with 12.3% of men who reported having sex with both men and women (Sander et al, 2007 (Baral et al, 2009). In five urban sites in Senegal, a low-prevalence country, 21.5%…”

Section: Men Who Have Sex With Menmentioning

confidence: 98%

An old enzyme for current needs: adenosine deaminase and a dendritic cell vaccine for HIV

et al. 2011

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After nearly three decades of searching for a vaccine against HIV, a cure for this pandemic disease still remains elusive. The low immunogenicity of the surface proteins and the huge variability of the virus, together with the immunocompromised status of the host, have made developing an HIV vaccine an uphill battle. Over the past few years, both immunogen design and immunization strategies have improved, providing hope for future, although the anti‐HIV responses achieved still remain modest. As developing a prophylactic vaccine seems unlikely nowadays, efforts have focused on alternative therapeutic immunization approaches, although these still need to be further optimized. Using an immunomodulator capable of restoring immune function in the context of infection, thereby boosting cell‐mediated and humoral responses, could be critical in effectively improving current therapeutic approaches. Adenosine deaminase, a protein with a pivotal role in T‐cell co‐stimulation, has been shown to robustly enhance specific T‐cell responses against HIV in vitro. Although its role in humoral responses has not yet been assessed, genetic defects in this enzyme are associated with impaired cellular and humoral responses. Importantly, this molecule is already commercially available pharmaceutically and, therefore, it fulfils all the requirements to be assayed as an anti‐HIV vaccine adjuvant.

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“…13 Similarly, a survey of MSM in Kenya between 2005-2007 found an HIV prevalence of over 40%, compared to 6.1% among Kenyan adults aged 15-49 years. 17 It has been hypothesised that HIV prevalence among MSM in South Africa may also exceed that in the general population 18 but evidence is lacking.…”

Section: Mapping Of the Epidemic Among Msm And Key Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%