HIV-1 infection among injection and ex-injection drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence, estimated incidence and genetic diversity

Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes Maia; Bastos, Francisco I.; Telles, Paulo R.; Hacker, Mariana A.; Brígido, Luis Fernando de Macedo; Oliveira, Carmem Aparecida de Freitas; Bongertz, Vera; Morgado, Mariza G.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.03.016

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Consistently, former analyses using STAHRS have shown that incidence has been quite low in injection drug users assessed by both surveys carried out in Rio de Janeiro, with person-years HIV seroincidence estimated as 0-1 seroincident case/100 persons-year (Guimarães et al 2001, Teixeira et al 2004.…”

Section: Recent Findings From Brazilian Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…2, both hepatitis B and C seroprevalences, especially the latter, declined substantially from the first (1994)(1995)(1996) to the second serosurvey (1999)(2000)(2001), in parallel with the observed decline of HIV prevalence, from 25.0% (Telles et al 1997, Guimarães et al 2001 to 7.9% (Teixeira et al 2004, Hacker et al 2005. "Acute" HBV infection rates have been low, further declining from the first to the second study.…”

Section: Recent Findings From Brazilian Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Using data from Brazilian studies, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts, we integrate biological findings from serological analyses of HIV and viral hepatitis, HIV incidence estimation through the use of STAHRS (serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion; Janssen et al 1998), and behavioral and epidemiologic data from recent surveys carried out in 1994-6 (Telles et al 1997, Guimarães et al 2001(Teixeira et al 2004, Hacker et al 2005. Both surveys recruited patients from the Rio de Janeiro drug scene, using a targeted sampling strategy (Watters & Biernacki 1989).…”

Section: Assessing Drug Injecting Scenes: Challenges and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among Brazilian injection drug users? Recent findings and how to interpret them

Bastos

Bongertz

Teixeira

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Recent Findings From Brazilian Studiessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Recent Findings From Brazilian Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Assessing Drug Injecting Scenes: Challenges and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among Brazilian injection drug users? Recent findings and how to interpret them

Bastos

Bongertz

Teixeira

et al. 2005

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Another aspect that deserves further evaluation is the correlation of recent infection, as defined by the BED assay, with the infection of males with clade C, compared to long term, chronic infections (p < 0.026). This methodology has been used to estimate HIV incidence in Brazil and abroad (Teixeira et al 2004, Hall et al 2008. However, our small data set and the recent documentation of discrepancies of the use of the assay with non-B isolates (hyperlink http://www.epidem.org/ Publications/BED%20statement.pdf) limits the strength of these observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

Ferreira

Thomaz

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The Research Capacity ProgramAs in many areas of Brazil, the AIDS epidemic in Curitiba is relatively stable, but surveillance is important to support public policy. The molecular characteristics of HIV may be instrumental for monitoring epidemic trends. We evaluated plasma HIV-1 RNA (n = 37) from 38 cases presenting with positive serology, who were among 820 consenting volunteers visiting the downtown counselling and serology testing centre. Seroprevalence was 4.6% 3) and the estimated HIV incidence, as defined by the BED assay, was 2.86 persons/years ). An additional set of contemporaneous, anonymous samples from a local laboratory was also analysed (n = 20) . Regions of the HIV-1 polymerase (n = 57) and envelope (n = 34) were evaluated for subtyping, determination of mosaic structure, primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM), envelope V3 loop motifs and amino acid signatures related to viral tropism. HIV-1 clade B was observed in 53% of cases; HIV-1C in 30% and BC mosaics in 14%, with one F genome and one CF mosaic. Clade C infection was associated with recent infections among males (p < 0.03). Stanford surveillance pDRM was observed in 8.8% of sequences, with 7% showing high level resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug. Tropism for CXCR4 co-receptor was predicted in 18% of envelope sequences, which were exclusively among clade B genomes and cases with serological reactivity to chronic infection.Key words: epidemiology -antiretroviral resistance -genetic diversity -HIV-1 -tropism -BrazilUnderstanding the local HIV-1 epidemic will not only support the regional response, but it may also provide information to nationwide efforts in the fight against AIDS. The variability of HIV-1 has been an obstacle to treatment and to the development of prevention innovations such as vaccines. HIV-1 clusters phylogenetically into distinct clades (subtypes), a fact that has helped to unravel the molecular characteristics of the epidemic. In some regions, differential distribution of HIV-1 clades has been documented (Van Harmelen et al. 1997, Tovanabutra 2001, Rios et al. 2005, Ryan et al. 2007) and phylogeny may indicate the source(s) of incoming variants (Sarker 2008). Worldwide, clade C is responsible for about half of the epidemic, whereas clade B is the major variant in industrialised nations (Hemelaar et al. 2006). HIV variability may influence the performance of laboratory tools for diagnostic, monitoring and surveillance (Koch et al. 2001 (Baeten et al. 2007, Kaleebu 2007 and transmission potential (Yang et al. 2003, John-Stewart et al. 2005 have been associated to distinct HIV clades, but the actual impact of genetic diversity in HIV disease still remains uncertain (Stebbing & Moyle 2003, Hemelaar et al. 2006, Tebit et al. 2007). However, some characteristics of HIV, such as tropism to either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, seem to be associated with a distinct pattern of disease progression (Shepherd et al. 2008). Another relevant issue is the identification of primary drug resistance mutations (pDRM) among untreate...

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“…This may reflect saturation, spontaneous behavior change, or the effects of preventive programs. The effectiveness of the latter has been demonstrated by numerous studies among IDUs using different indicators and outcomes, such as HIV prevalence and incidence, risk behaviors, and prevalence of different blood-borne infections 19,20,21,22,23,24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the AIDS epidemic among injection drug users in Brazil

et al. 2006

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HIV-1 infection among injection and ex-injection drug users from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence, estimated incidence and genetic diversity

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among Brazilian injection drug users? Recent findings and how to interpret them

Is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome decreasing among Brazilian injection drug users? Recent findings and how to interpret them

Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections

Reconstructing the AIDS epidemic among injection drug users in Brazil

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