HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

Barbour, Jason D.; Sauer, Mariana M.; Sharp, Elizabeth R.; Garrison, Keith; Long, Brian; Tomiyama, Helena; Bassichetto, Kátia Cristina; Oliveira, Solange; Abbate, Maria Cristina; Nixon, Douglas F.; Kallas, Esper G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001080

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For four studies [17–20], we calculated mean differences directly from the raw data provided. Unpublished data were requested from authors of eight articles [17,21–27], primarily to obtain 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the mean difference. Three provided the requested data [17,24,25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention

Barnabas

Webb

Weiss

et al. 2011

Aids

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Objectives Recurrent or persistent co-infections may increase HIV viral load (VL) and, consequently, risk of HIV transmission, thus increasing HIV incidence. We evaluated the association between malaria, HSV-2 and TB co-infections and their treatment on HIV VL. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of malaria, HSV-2 and tuberculosis co-infections and their treatment on HIV VL. Methods PunMed and Embase databases were searched to February 10th 2010 for studies in adults that reported HIV plasma and/or genital VL by co-infection status or treatment. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Results Forty-five eligible articles were identified (6 malaria, 20 HSV-2 and 19 tuberculosis). There was strong evidence of increased HIV VL with acute malaria (0.67 log10 copies/mL, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.19) and decreased VL following treatment (−0.37 log10 copies/mL, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.04). Similarly, HSV-2 infection was associated with increased HIV VL (0.18 log10 copies/mL, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.34), which decreased with HSV suppressive therapy (−0.28 log10 copies/mL, 95% CI: −0.36, − 0.19). Active tuberculosis was associated with increased HIV VL (log10 copies/mL 0.40, 95% CI: 0.13–0.67), but there was no association between tuberculosis treatment and VL reduction (log10 copies/mL −0.02, 95% CI −0.19, 0.15). Conclusions Co-infections may increase HIV VL in populations where they are prevalent, thereby facilitating HIV transmission. These effects may be reversed with treatment. However, to limit HIV trajectory and optimize positive prevention for HIV-infected individuals pre-ART, we must better understand the mechanisms responsible for augmented VL and the magnitude of VL reduction required, and retune treatment regimens accordingly

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention

Barnabas

Webb

Weiss

et al. 2011

Aids

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“…The association between ulcerative STI and HIV transmission is well established, with as many as half of newly HIV-infected people demonstrating herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. 2 STI can also cause genital bleeding, further increasing the risk of exposure to HIV during sexual activity. 3 4 Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis, for example, can increase the risks for vaginal bleeding more than 12-fold.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections in people living with HIV/AIDS: systematic review with implications for using HIV treatments for prevention

Kalichman

Pellowski

Turner

2011

Sexually Transmitted Infections

259

218

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Background Sexually transmitted co-infections increase HIV infectiousness through local inflammatory processes. The prevalence of STI among people living with HIV/AIDS has implications for containing the spread of HIV in general and the effectiveness of HIV treatments for prevention in particular. Methods A systematic review of studies examining STI co-infections in people living with HIV/AIDS. The review focuses on STI contracted after becoming HIV infected. Electronic database and manual searches located clinical and epidemiological studies of STI that increase HIV infectiousness. Results Thirty seven studies of STI-HIV co-infection prevalence were located. Studies of adults living with HIV/AIDS from developed and developing countries reported STI rates for 46 different samples (33 samples had clinical/laboratory confirmed STI). The overall mean point-prevalence for confirmed STI was16.3% (SD = 16.4), and median 12.4% STI prevalence in people living with HIV/AIDS. The most common STI studied were Syphilis with median 9.5% prevalence, gonorrhea 9.5%, Chlamydia 5%, and Trichamoniasis 18.8% prevalence. STI prevalence was greatest at the time of HIV diagnosis, reflecting the role of STI in HIV transmission. Prevalence of STI among individuals receiving HIV treatment was not appreciably different from untreated persons. Conclusions The prevalence of STI in people infected with HIV suggests that STI co-infections could undermine efforts to use HIV treatments for prevention by increasing genital secretion infectiousness.

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“…First, HSV infection did not modulate the relationship of HIV-1 to CD4 + T cell count suggests that the effect of HSV-2 infection on CD4+ T cell count manifests prior to acquisition of HIV-1. 41 Second, it is suggested that CD8+ T-cells are a critical component of the response to HSV infection but not CD4 + T-cells. The level of anti-HSV antibody did not have any impact on the percentage or absolute number of late-differentiated CD4 + T-cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2 and their association with CD4 count among HIV-positive patients

Sufiawati

Widyaputra

Djajakusumah

2012

Dent. J. (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

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Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of viral opportunistic infections among HIV t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There were no significant differences in HSV-1 seroprevalence between HIV-positive patients (71%) and HIV-negative patients (66%). HSV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (30%) than HIV-negative patients (5%). The titers of HSV-1 IgG antibodies in HIV-positive patients (mean 24.63 ± 19.06 IDU) were significantly lower than those of HIV-negative patients (mean 44.62 ± 33.22 IDU). In contrast, HSV-2 IgG antibody titers in HIV-positive patients (mean 13.31 ± 20.28 IDU) were significantly higher than HIV-negative patients (mean 4.42 ± 10.99 IDU)

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HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention

The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention

Prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections in people living with HIV/AIDS: systematic review with implications for using HIV treatments for prevention

Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex virus types 1 and 2 and their association with CD4 count among HIV-positive patients

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