HIV-1 Genetic Variants in the Russian Far East

Kazennova, Elena; Laga, Vita; Lapovok, Ilya; Glushchenko, Nataliya; Нешумаев, Д. А.; Vasilyev, Alexander; Bobkova, Marina

doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0194

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3). This is in agreement with recent studies reporting the identification of CRF63_02A1 in the Russian Far East 31 and Kazakhstan. 32 However, we could not find CRF63_02A1 among database viruses from Kyrgysztan, as suggested by others.…”

Section: Crf63_02a1 Phylogeny and Phylodynamics 913supporting

confidence: 94%

Short Communication: Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1, a Recently Originated HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form Spreading in Siberia

Shcherbakova

Shalamova²,

Delgado³

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The HIV-1 epidemic in Russia is dominated by the former Soviet Union subtype A (A FSU ) variant, but other genetic forms are circulating in the country. One is the recently described CRF63_02A1, derived from recombination between a CRF02_AG variant circulating in Central Asia and A FSU , which has spread in the Novosibirsk region, Siberia. Here we phylogenetically analyze pol and env segments from 24 HIV-1 samples from the Novosibirsk region collected in 2013, with characterization of three new near full-length genome CRF63_02A1 sequences, and estimate the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and the demographic growth of CRF63_02A1 using a Bayesian method. The analyses revealed that CRF63_02A1 is highly predominant in the Novosibirsk region (81.2% in pol sequences) and is transmitted both among injecting drug users and by heterosexual contact. Similarity searches with database sequences combined with phylogenetic analyses show that CRF63_02A1 is circulating in East Kazakhstan and the Eastern area of Russia bordering China. The analyses of near full-length genome sequences show that its mosaic structure is more complex than reported, with 18 breakpoints. The tMRCA of CRF63_02A1 was estimated around 2006, with exponential growth in 2008-2009 and subsequent stabilization. These results provide new insights into the molecular epidemiology, phylogeny, and phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1.

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Section: Crf63_02a1 Phylogeny and Phylodynamics 913supporting

confidence: 94%

Short Communication: Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1, a Recently Originated HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form Spreading in Siberia

Shcherbakova

Shalamova²,

Delgado³

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…In Russia and the CIS countries, the HIV variants carrying DR mutations in pol gene are most frequently detectable in the individuals with inefficient ART. Among them, the mutations G190S, K103N, M184V, Y181C, K101E, M41L, and T215F/Y, influencing the HIV resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs, are observed at a high rate [19–24]. Mutations K103N, M184I, T215Y, G190S, Y181C, K65R, and V108I with prevalences of 0.3 to 7% depending on the region are most frequently detected in the naïve HIV-infected individuals [21–28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia

Gashnikova

Astakhova

Gashnikova

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Specific molecular epidemic features of HIV infection in Tyumen Oblast (TO), Russia, were studied. Methods. The genome sequences encoding HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase, integrase, and major envelope protein were examined for 72 HIV-1 specimens isolated from the TO resident infected in 2000–2015. Results. The recorded prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A (A1) is 93.1%; HIV-1 subtype B continues to circulate in MSM risk group (1.4%). Solitary instances of HIV-1 recombinant forms, CRF63_02A1 (1.4%) and CRF03_AB (1.4%), were detected as well as two cases of HIV-1 URF63_A1 (2.8%). Phylogenetic analysis showed no HIV-1 clustering according to the duration of infection and risk groups but revealed different epidemic networks confirming that HIV infection spread within local epidemic foci. A high incidence of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variants and a higher rate of secondary mutations influencing the virus fitness (K20R, L10V, and I) are observed among the virus specimens isolated from newly infected individuals. Conclusions. The current HIV-1 epidemic in TO develops within the local epidemic networks. Similar to the previous period, HIV-1 subtype A is predominant in TO with sporadic cases of importation of HIV-1 recombinant forms circulating in adjacent areas.

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“…Migratory waves between the FSU states and other countries, and increasing rates of heterosexually-acquired HIV infection have produced some changes in the molecular epidemiological patterns of FSU countries. However, A FSU remains the predominant strain among drug injectors and heterosexually-infected individuals in the above-mentioned countries, including the Russian Far East, with prevalence estimates ranging between 50%-94% (Balode et al, 2012; Bobkova, 2013; Eyzaguirre et al, 2007; Kazennova et al, 2014; Lazouskaya et al, 2005; Rumyantseva et al, 2009; Saad et al, 2006a; Smolskaya et al, 2006; Zarandia et al, 2006). …”

Section: Pwid In Former Soviet Union (Fsu) States and Molecular Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B FSU (IDU-B) was rare in Russia but recent analyses showed that has approximately infected 62% of PWID in Vladivostok, the largest sea port of Russian Far East (Kazennova et al, 2014). The increased prevalence of B FSU (IDU-B) in the Far Eastern region of Russia is attributed to labor migrants from Ukraine (Bobkova, 2013; Kazennova et al, 2014). B FSU (IDU-B) strains belong to a monophyletic clade and are distinct from subtype B sequences circulating in Western Europe.…”

Section: Pwid In Former Soviet Union (Fsu) States and Molecular Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRF03_AB has occasionally been detected in other Russian areas including Saint Petersburg (Lukashov et al, 1999), has produced an outbreak in Cherepovets (Northern Russia) (Bobkova, 2013; Kazennova et al, 2014; Smolskaya et al, 2006), is very prevalent in Ekaterinburg (Central Russia) comprising 23% of infections (Bobkova, 2013), and has become of epidemiological relevance in Belarus (Eremin et al, 2011) and Lithuania (Caplinskas et al, 2013). …”

Section: Pwid In Former Soviet Union (Fsu) States and Molecular Epmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overview of HIV molecular epidemiology among people who inject drugs in Europe and Asia

Nikolopoulos

Kostaki

Paraskevis

2016

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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HIV strains continuously evolve, tend to recombine and new circulating variants are being discovered. Novel strains complicate efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV and may exhibit higher transmission efficiency and virulence, and elevated resistance to antiretroviral agents. The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) set an ambitious goal to end HIV as a public health threat by 2030 through comprehensive strategies that include epidemiological input as the first step of the process. In this context, molecular epidemiology becomes invaluable as it captures trends in HIV evolution rates that shape epidemiological pictures across several geographical areas. This review briefly summarizes the molecular epidemiology of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Europe and Asia. Following high transmission rates of subtype G and CRF14_BG among PWID in Portugal and Spain, two European countries, Greece and Romania, experienced recent HIV outbreaks in PWID that consisted of multiple transmission clusters including subtypes B, A, F1 and recombinants CRF14_BG and CRF35_AD. The latter was first identified in Afghanistan. Russia, Ukraine and other Former Soviet Union (FSU) states are still facing the devastating effects of epidemics in PWID produced by AFSU (also known as IDU-A), BFSU (known as IDU-B), and CRF03_AB. In Asia, CRF01_AE and subtype B (Western B and Thai B) travelled from PWID in Thailand to neighboring countries. Recombination hotspots in South China, Northern Myanmar, and Malaysia have been generating several intersubtype and inter-CRF recombinants (e.g. CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, CRF33_01B etc.) increasing the complexity of HIV molecular patterns.

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HIV-1 Genetic Variants in the Russian Far East

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Short Communication: Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1, a Recently Originated HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form Spreading in Siberia

Short Communication: Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, and Phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1, a Recently Originated HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form Spreading in Siberia

HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia

Overview of HIV molecular epidemiology among people who inject drugs in Europe and Asia

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