HIV-1 Early Infant Diagnosis is an Effective Indicator of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program Performance: Experience from Cameroon

Temgoua, Edith; Nkenfou, Céline Nguefeu; Bissek, Anne Cécile Zoung-Kanyi; Fokam, Joseph; Billong, Serge Clotaire; Sosso, Samuel Martin; Tangipumdu, Charlotte; Elong, Elise; Domkan, Irenee; Colizzi, Vittorio

doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150407143525

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In highly endemic HBV and HIV settings like Cameroon, considering paediatric HIV-exposure when monitoring paediatric anti-HBV vaccine response might be of great clinical and public health relevance, and supports optimal performance of the EPI [ 6 , 7 , 10 – 12 ]. The present study could therefore generate evidence toward a strengthen vaccination policy in general, and that of anti-HBV in particular [ 11 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the high prevalence of HIV-infection during pregnancy in Africa (7.8% in Cameroon) suggests considerable rates of HIV-vertical exposure, in the frame of continuous risks of mother-to-child transmission [ 6 ]. The prevalence of HIV-1 among infants from the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is 11.5% (434/3789) in Cameroon [ 7 ], suggesting eventual impaired T-cell immunity and inferior response to vaccination in these potentially vulnerable populations [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a tropical context with highly prevalent HIV/HBV coinfection and consistent MTCT like Cameroon [ 6 , 7 , 14 ], investigations aiming at evaluating paediatric anti-HBV vaccine response, including a comparative analysis with HIV-exposed/infected children, would delight previous findings. Furthermore, such evidence would provide an added value on monitoring anti-HBV vaccine response in the context of paediatric HIV exposure and/or infection in Cameroon, by identifying children requiring a booster dose for lifelong protection against HBV [ 17 , 19 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HIV-Infected or -Exposed Children Exhibit Lower Immunogenicity to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Appeal for Revised Policies in Tropical Settings?

Nlend

Nguwoh²,

Ngounouh³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundSince 2005, anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) vaccine is part of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) for infants born in Cameroon, with 99% anti-HBV coverage. In a context of generalized HIV epidemiology, we assessed paediatric anti-HBV vaccine response according to HIV status, feeding option and age in a tropical context.MethodologyProspective, observational and cross-sectional study conducted among 82 children (27 [IQR: 9–47] months, min-max: 6–59), after complete anti-HBV vaccination (Zilbrix Hepta: 10μg AgHBs) at the Essos Health Centre in Yaounde, Cameroon, classified as group-A: HIV unexposed (28), group-B: HIV-exposed/uninfected (29), group-C: HIV-infected (25). Quantitative anti-HBs ELISA was interpreted as “no”, “low-” or “protective-response” with <1, 1–10, or ≥10 IU/L respectively; with p-value<0.05 considered significant.ResultsChildren were all HBV-unexposed (AcHBc-negative) and uninfected (HBsAg-negative). Response to anti-HBV vaccine was 80.49% (66/82), with only 45.12% (37/82) developed a protective-response (≥10IU/L). According to HIV status, 60.71% (17/28) developed a protective-response in group-A, vs. 51.72% (15/29) and 20% (5/25) in group-B and group-C respectively, Odds Ratio (OR): 2.627 [CI95% 0.933–7.500], p = 0.041. According to feeding option during first six months of life, 47.67% (21/45) developed a protective-response on exclusive breastfeeding vs. 43.24% (16/37) on mixed or formula feeding, OR: 1.148 [CI95% 0.437–3.026], p = 0.757. According to age, protective-response decreased significantly as children grow older: 58.33% (28/48) <24 months vs. 26.47% (9/34) ≥24 months, OR: 3.889 [CI95% 1.362–11.356], p = 0.004; and specifically 67.65% (23/34) ≤6 months vs. 0%, (0/5) 33–41 months, p = 0.008.ConclusionsAnti-HBV vaccine provides low rate of protection (<50%) among children in general, and particularly if HIV-exposed, infected and/or older children. Implementing policies for early vaccination, specific immunization algorithm for HIV-exposed/infected children, and monitoring vaccine response would ensure effective protection in tropical settings, pending extensive/confirmatory investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-Infected or -Exposed Children Exhibit Lower Immunogenicity to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Appeal for Revised Policies in Tropical Settings?

Nlend

Nguwoh²,

Ngounouh³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…1 However, despite these advances many challenges remain to eliminate MTCT and in optimizing antiretroviral therapy for pregnant women and children in developing countries. 2,3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host molecular factors and viral genotypes in the mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa

Mouafo

Dambaya

Ngoufack

et al. 2017

J Public Health Afr

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Maternal viral load and immune status, timing and route of delivery, viral subtype, and host genetics are known to influence the transmission, acquisition and disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. This review summarizes the findings from published works on host molecular factors and virus genotypes affecting mother to child transmission (MTCT) in Africa and identifies the gaps that need to be addressed in future research. Articles in PubMed, Google and AIDSearch and relevant conference abstracts publications were searched. Accessible articles on host factors and viral genetics impacting the MTCT of HIV, done on African populations till 2015 were downloaded. Forty-six articles were found and accessed; 70% described host genes impacting the transmission. The most studied gene was the CCR5 promoter, followed by the CCR2-64I found to reduce MTCT; then SDF1-3’A shown to have no effect on MTCT and others like the DC-SIGNR, CD4, CCL3 and IP-10. The HLA class I was most studied and was generally linked to the protective effect on MTCT. Breast milk constituents were associated to protection against MTCT. However, existing studies in Sub Saharan Africa were done just in few countries and some done without control groups. Contradictory results obtained may be due to different genetic background, type of controls, different socio-cultural and economic environment and population size. More studies are thus needed to better understand the mechanism of transmission or prevention.

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“…HIV is a major public health concern not only because it can't yet be prevented by vaccination, but also because those it infects are infected for life with a virus that targets their immune system making them more prone to other infections (Backus et al, 2005). According to world health organization (WHO) ~35 million peoples in the world are currently living with HIV and 36 millions AIDS related deaths till date (Shafiee et al, 2015). The vast majority of the people living with HIV are in low and middle income countries, two-thirds of them in sub-Saharan Africa (over 25 million peoples) (Figure 1) (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Novel Anti HIV biomolecules from marine Algae: An overview

Nagarajan¹,

Mathaiyan²

2015

J App Pharm Sci

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Over the past 3 decades, despite enormous scientific advancements and developments in the field of vaccine development and drugs, HIV-1 is still posing a major challenge to human health. While development of vaccines is still clearly many years ahead, administration of FDA approved drugs leads to severe side effects and toxicity. Marine algae due to its biodiversity has been a rich source of biologically active compounds with varying degree of actions such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The primary and secondary metabolites obtained from the marine algae have shown potent anti-viral activities in vitro and in animal model. This review focus on the bioactive compounds from marine algae that have been recently identified and studied.

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HIV-1 Early Infant Diagnosis is an Effective Indicator of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program Performance: Experience from Cameroon

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

HIV-Infected or -Exposed Children Exhibit Lower Immunogenicity to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Appeal for Revised Policies in Tropical Settings?

HIV-Infected or -Exposed Children Exhibit Lower Immunogenicity to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Appeal for Revised Policies in Tropical Settings?

Host molecular factors and viral genotypes in the mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa

Emerging Novel Anti HIV biomolecules from marine Algae: An overview

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