HIV‐1 diversity among inmates of Italian prisons

Longo, Benedetta; Novati, Stefano; Montieri, Stefania; Pontali, Emanuele; Taglia, Fabiana; Leo, Guido; Babudieri, Sergio; Starnini, Giulio; Monarca, Roberto; Suligoi, Barbara; Rezza, Giovanni; Ciccozzi, Massimo

doi:10.1002/jmv.21275

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Prevalence of HIV subtypes in prison is strongly influenced by the frequency of foreign people in each prison. [ 13 ] As well, prevalence of HCV genotypes may be influenced by the route of infection and coinfection, regardless of the geographic variable, and may differ between risk groups and the general population. [ 14 ] Knowledge of the prevalence of different subtypes of HIV, HBV, and HCV circulating in prisons may be useful to track the epidemiology of infection and choose appropriate therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of infection and molecular characterization of blood-borne HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in HIV-1 infected inmates in Italy

et al. 2016

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Coinfection of blood-borne hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive individuals frequently occurs in inmate population and peculiar viral strains and patterns of virological markers may be observed.Plasma from 69 HIV-1-positive inmates was obtained from 7 clinical centers connected with correctional centers in different towns in Italy. HIV, HBV, and HCV markers were tested by commercial assays. Virus genotyping was carried out by sequencing the protease and reverse transcriptase-encoding region (PR-RT region) for HIV and a region encompassing the NS5B gene for HCV and subsequent phylogenetic analysis.Twelve over 14 HIV-subtyped inmates were infected with HIV-1 subtype B strains. The 2 non-B strains belonged to subtype G and CRF02_AG, in an Italian and a Gambian patient, respectively. Variants carrying the K103N and Y181C resistance mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were found in 2 out of 9 patients naive for combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) (22.2%). Most HIV-positive patients (92.8%) showed evidence of past or present HBV and/or HCV infection. Prevalence of HBV and HCV was 81.2% for both viruses, whereas prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection was 69.6%. A significantly higher presence of HCV infection was found in Italians [odds ratio (OR) 11.0; interval 1.7–80.9] and in drug users (OR 27.8; interval 4.9–186.0). HCV subtypes were determined in 42 HCV or HBV/HCV-coinfected individuals. HCV subtypes 1a, 3a, 4d, and 1b were found in 42.9%, 40.5%, 14.3%, and 2.4% of inmates, respectively. Low titers of HBV DNA in HBV DNA positive subjects precluded HBV subtyping.The high prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfections in HIV-infected inmates, as well as the heterogeneity of HIV and HCV subtypes suggest the need to adopt systematic controls in prisons to monitor both the burden and the genetic forms of blood-borne viral infections, in order to apply targeted therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of infection and molecular characterization of blood-borne HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in HIV-1 infected inmates in Italy

et al. 2016

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“…The HIV strains phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of inmates of Italian nationality were infected with the HIV-1 subtype B, except two, one infected with the recombinant form CRF72_BF1, and the other one with the HIV-1 sub-subtype A6, both previously not identified in inmates of Italian nationality 30 , 31 . CRF72_BF1 was isolated in Brazil 32 , and it has spread in Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-1-infected inmate population in Italy: a 2017–2019 multicenter cross-sectional study

Maggiorella,

Sernicola,

Picconi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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HBV/HCV co-infection is common in HIV-1-infected prisoners. To investigate the characteristics of HIV co-infections, and to evaluate the molecular heterogeneity of HIV, HBV and HCV in prisoners, we carried-out a multicenter cross-sectional study, including 65 HIV-1-infected inmates enrolled in 5 Italian detention centers during the period 2017–2019. HIV-1 subtyping showed that 77.1% of inmates were infected with B subtype and 22.9% with non-B subtypes. Italian nationals were all infected with subtype B (93.1%), except two individuals, one infected with the recombinant form CRF72_BF1, and the other with the HIV-1 sub-subtype A6, both previously not identified in inmates of Italian nationality. Non-Italian nationals were infected with subtype B (52.6%), CRFs (36.8%) and sub-subtypes A1 and A3 (5.2%). HIV variants carrying resistance mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI and InSTI were found in 7 inmates, 4 of which were never exposed to the relevant classes of drugs associated with these mutations. HBV and/or HCV co-infections markers were found in 49/65 (75.4%) inmates, while 27/65 (41.5%) showed markers of both HBV and HCV coinfection. Further, Italian nationals showed a significant higher presence of HCV markers as compared to non-Italian nationals (p = 0.0001). Finally, HCV phylogenetic analysis performed in 18 inmates revealed the presence of HCV subtypes 1a, 3a, 4d (66.6%, 16.7% and 16.7%, respectively). Our data suggest the need to monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in prisons in order to prevent spreading of these viruses both in jails and in the general population, and to implement effective public health programs that limit the circulation of different genetic forms as well as of viral variants with mutations conferring resistance to treatment.

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HIV-1 Nonsubtype B Distribution Across Certain Resource-Rich Countries

Brindicci¹,

Tartaglia²,

Saracino³

et al. 2009

HIV Ther.

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The distribution of different HIV subtypes follows a geographical trend. HIV-1 (the most widespread type of HIV worldwide) is classified into three genetic groups: major (M), outlier (O) and novel (N). HIV-1 group M viruses have been classified into nine subtypes. Analysis of full-length genome sequencing has revealed intersubtype recombinants, which are thought to originate from individuals simultaneously infected with viruses of two or more subtypes. The extensive genetic variability of HIV-1 and international travel are important factors in its spread worldwide. The aim of this review is to describe the changing patterns of nonsubtype B prevalence in resource-rich countries and verify how these subtypes influence transmission, disease progression, mutational patterns of resistance, as well as response to therapy.

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HIV‐1 diversity among inmates of Italian prisons

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Correlates of infection and molecular characterization of blood-borne HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in HIV-1 infected inmates in Italy

Correlates of infection and molecular characterization of blood-borne HIV, HCV, and HBV infections in HIV-1 infected inmates in Italy

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-1-infected inmate population in Italy: a 2017–2019 multicenter cross-sectional study

HIV-1 Nonsubtype B Distribution Across Certain Resource-Rich Countries

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