HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Intravenous Drug Users in Hanoi, Vietnam

Ha, Tran Thi Thanh; Maljkovic, I; Swartling, Sofie; Cam, Phung Dac; Chiodi, Francesca; Leitner, Thomas

doi:10.1089/088922204322996581

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The final dataset was composed of 1,957 CRF01_AE p17 sequences sampled from blood and collected between 1990-2010, which represented 15 countries ( Table 1 ). Sequences were obtained through the utilization of PBMCs, serum or plasma samples of HIV-1 positive individuals, and methods of extraction and amplification were deliberately detailed in their relative studies [ 6 , 8 , 16 - 20 ]. All sequences were aligned with HIV-1 subtype reference sequences ( http://www.hiv.lanl.gov sequence alignment page) using GeneCutter ( http://www.hiv.lanl .gov GeneCutter page).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHIV-1 CRF01_AE accounts for an important fraction of HIV infections in Asia including China, but little is known about the phylogenetic and evolutionary history of this CRF (circulating recombinant form). In the current study, we collected a large number of 1,957 CRF01_AE gag p17 sequences with known sampling year (1990-2010) from 5 global regions representing 15 countries to better understand the phylogenetic relationships and epidemic history of CRF01_AE strains in China.Methodology/Principal FindingsCRF01_AE gag p17 sequences were retrieved from public databases to explore phylogenetic relationships and phylogeographic dynamics of CRF01_AE in Asia by using maximum-likelihood phylogenetics and Bayesian coalescent-based analyses. We found close phylogenetic relationships between sequences from Thailand, Vietnam and China. Moreover, at least 5 independent introductions and 5 independent autochthonous clades of CRF01_AE, which descended from Thailand or Vietnam were identified in China from 1991 through 2003.Conclusion/SignificanceThe current study not only defines the migration of CRF01_AE clades to/in Asia, but also demonstrates the criticalness of identifying the circulating strains in the population for the development of vaccine and microbicides.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 1996 and 1997, an outbreak of CRF01_AE, genetically highly similar to the Vietnamese strain, was detected among IDUs in China (22). Today, the HIV-1 epidemic in South and Southeastern Asia is complicated not only by the interplay of injecting drug use and commercial sex work but also by the circulation of numerous HIV-1 subtypes in these risk groups, resulting in the emergence of novel intersubtype and unique recombinant strains (57,62).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unequal Evolutionary Rates in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Pandemic: the Evolutionary Rate of HIV-1 Slows Down When the Epidemic Rate Increases

Berry

Ribeiro

Kothari

et al. 2007

J Virol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HIV-1 sequences in intravenous drug user (IDU) networks are highly homogenous even after several years, while this is not observed in most sexual epidemics. To address this disparity, we examined the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolutionary rate on the population level for IDU and heterosexual transmissions. All available HIV-1 env V3 sequences from IDU outbreaks and heterosexual epidemics with known sampling dates were collected from the Los Alamos HIV sequence database. Evolutionary rates were calculated using phylogenetic trees with a t test root optimization of dated samples. The evolutionary rate of HIV-1 subtype A1 was found to be 8.4 times lower in fast spread among IDUs in the former Soviet Union (FSU) than in slow spread among heterosexual individuals in Africa. Mixed epidemics (IDU and heterosexual) showed intermediate evolutionary rates, indicating a combination of fast-and slow-spread patterns. Hence, if transmissions occur repeatedly during the initial stage of host infection, before selective pressures of the immune system have much impact, the rate of HIV-1 evolution on the population level will decrease. Conversely, in slow spread, where HIV-1 evolves under the pressure of the immune system before a donor infects a recipient, the virus evolution at the population level will increase. Epidemiological modeling confirmed that the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 depends on the rate of spread and predicted that the HIV-1 evolutionary rate in a fast-spreading epidemic, e.g., for IDUs in the FSU, will increase as the population becomes saturated with infections and the virus starts to spread to other risk groups.The evolutionary rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been shown to differ in different genes as well as in different regions of the same genes. Using molecularclock analyses, the rate of evolution of the env V3 region was estimated to be from 2.3 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 to 6.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions site Ϫ1 year Ϫ1 , while the rate for the whole env was estimated to be between 1.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 and 1.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions site Ϫ1 year Ϫ1 (25,26,33,54,63). Stronger diversifying pressure by the immune system on the V3 region is thought to be responsible for the higher rate, while genes, such as gag and pol, that are under less diversifying and more purifying selection pressure show lower rates (25,33,54

show abstract

“…However, there have been a few other studies describing HIV-1 genotypes in other regions of Vietnam such as Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi and Hai Phong among similar cohorts. In all of them, CRF01_AE predominates although a few other subtypes have been identified such as B' [20] and some recombinants as CRF01_AE/B' [30], CRF02_AG/D [30] and CRF01_AE/C [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and Impact of T-Cell Epitope Mutations on HLA Recognition (ANRS 12159)

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTo date, 11 HIV-1 subtypes and 48 circulating recombinant forms have been described worldwide. The underlying reason why their distribution is so heterogeneous is not clear. Host genetic factors could partly explain this distribution. The aim of this study was to describe HIV-1 strains circulating in an unexplored area of Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and to assess the impact of optimal epitope mutations on HLA binding.MethodsWe recruited 125 chronically antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected subjects from five cities in the Mekong Delta. We performed high-resolution DNA typing of HLA class I alleles, sequencing of Gag and RT-Prot genes and phylogenetic analysis of the strains. Epitope mutations were analyzed in patients bearing the HLA allele restricting the studied epitope. Optimal wild-type epitopes from the Los Alamos database were used as reference. T-cell epitope recognition was predicted using the immune epitope database tool according to three different scores involved in antigen processing (TAP and proteasome scores) and HLA binding (MHC score).ResultsAll sequences clustered with CRF01_AE. HLA class I genotyping showed the predominance of Asian alleles as A*11:01 and B*46:01 with a Vietnamese specificity held by two different haplotypes. The percentage of homology between Mekong and B consensus HIV-1 sequences was above 85%. Divergent epitopes had TAP and proteasome scores comparable with wild-type epitopes. MHC scores were significantly lower in divergent epitopes with a mean of 2.4 (±0.9) versus 2 (±0.7) in non-divergent ones (p<0.0001).ConclusionsOur study confirms the wide predominance of CRF01_AE in the Mekong Delta where patients harbor a specific HLA pattern. Moreover, it demonstrates the lower MHC binding affinity among divergent epitopes. This weak immune pressure combined with a narrow genetic diversity favors immune escape and could explain why CRF01_AE is still predominant in Vietnam, particularly in the Mekong area.

show abstract

HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Intravenous Drug Users in Hanoi, Vietnam

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

Multiple Independent Introductions of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Identified in China: What Are the Implications for Prevention?

Unequal Evolutionary Rates in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Pandemic: the Evolutionary Rate of HIV-1 Slows Down When the Epidemic Rate Increases

Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and Impact of T-Cell Epitope Mutations on HLA Recognition (ANRS 12159)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About