HIV-1 and Bacterial Pneumonia in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Segal, Leopoldo N.; Methé, Barbara A.; Nolan, Anna; Hoshino, Yoshihiko; Rom, William N.; Dawson, Rod; Bateman, Eric D.; Weiden, Michael D.

doi:10.1513/pats.201006-044wr

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The striking association of HIV infection with increased susceptibility for development of bacterial CAP, due in particular to Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), is well recognized and has been the subject of several recent reviews [3,[34][35][36]. The risk index increases significantly with advanced disease and associated immunosuppression, and is further increased when HIV infection is associated with other risk factors.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFN-γ promotes activation of alveolar macrophages and neutrophil influx, while IL-17A promotes recruitment and activation of monocytes and neutrophils [reviewed in 37,38]. In the case of the former, the production and reactivity of capsular antibodies are compromised as a consequence of: i)depletion of CD154-expressing memory helper T cells of the Th1 and Th2 subtypes, which provide help to antibody producing B cells [39]; and ii) loss of antigenspecific memory B cells with advancing disease [3]. Progressive loss of Th1 and Th17 cells results from the mechanisms described in the preceding section.…”

Section: Pneumococcal Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus even in the post-ART era, the risk for development of invasive disease remains extremely high, being about 35-fold higher than that of the HIV-uninfected [3].There have also been conflicting data on the impact of prior pneumococcal vaccination on subsequent risk for pneumococcal infections [1].…”

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these are largely untested in the setting of advanced HIV infection in which interpretation may be complicated by the complexity of the lung microbiome, as well as by leakage of microbial nucleic acid from the GIT [3,74].…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Infection In Hiv/aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is the case in other tissues, it is the CD4/CXCR6 co-expressing T cells of the effector/memory phenotype which are most vulnerable [2,3]. HIV-mediated depletion of CD4 + T cells is a direct consequence of both productive virus infection [18] and induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis in both HIV-infected and -uninfected cells [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

Feldman¹,

Anderson²

2013

Clinics in Chest Medicine

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Section: Pneumococcal Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pneumococcal Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Streptococcus Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Infection In Hiv/aidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

Feldman¹,

Anderson²

2013

Clinics in Chest Medicine

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Management of HIV-infected patients in the intensive care unit

et al. 2020

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The widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapies (cART) has converted the prognosis of HIV infection from a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal disease to a chronic condition with limited impact on life expectancy. Yet, HIV-infected patients remain at high risk for critical illness due to the occurrence of severe opportunistic infections in those with advanced immunosuppression (i.e., inaugural admissions or limited access to cART), a pronounced susceptibility to bacterial sepsis and tuberculosis at every stage of HIV infection, and a rising prevalence of underlying comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, atherosclerosis or non-AIDS-defining neoplasms in cART-treated patients aging with controlled viral replication. Several patterns of intensive care have markedly evolved in this patient population over the late cART era, including a steady decline in AIDS-related admissions, an opposite trend in admissions for exacerbated comorbidities, the emergence of additional drivers of immunosuppression (e.g., anti-neoplastic chemotherapy or solid organ transplantation), the management of cART in the acute phase of critical illness, and a dramatic progress in short-term survival that mainly results from general advances in intensive care practices. Besides, there is a lack of data regarding other features of ICU and post-ICU care in these patients, especially on the impact of sociological factors on clinical presentation and prognosis, the optimal timing of cART introduction in AIDS-related admissions, determinants of end-of-life decisions, long-term survival, and functional outcomes. In this narrative review, we sought to depict the current evidence regarding the management of HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

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IL-23 in Infections, Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer: Possible Role in HIV-1 and AIDS

Yannam

Gutti

Poluektova

2011

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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The growing family of interleukin (IL)-12-like cytokines produced by activated macrophages and dendritic cells became the important players in the control of infections, development of inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the role of one of them—heterodimer IL-23, which consists of IL12p40 and the unique p19 subunit in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis and progression to AIDS, represent special interest. We overviewed findings of IL-23 involvement in control of peripheral bacterial pathogens and opportunistic infection, central nervous system (CNS) viral infections and autoimmune disorders, and tumorogenesis, which potentially could be applicable to HIV-1 and AIDS.

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HIV-1 and Bacterial Pneumonia in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 66 publications

References 42 publications

HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

Management of HIV-infected patients in the intensive care unit

IL-23 in Infections, Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer: Possible Role in HIV-1 and AIDS

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