History's Masters: The Effect of European Monarchs on State Performance

Gender and Electoral Incentives: Evidence from Crisis Response

“…Along with the literature showing that leaders matter for economic outcomes (Jones and Olken, 2005;Besley et al, 2011;Yao and Zhang, 2015;Ottinger and Voigtlander, 2022), a large literature has emerged studying gender differences in the behavior of political leaders. 5 Studies in developing countries consistently find divergent policy choices by politician gender.…”