History rather than hybridization determines population structure and adaptation in <i>Populus balsamifera</i>

Meirmans, Patrick G.; Godbout, Julie; Lamothe, Manuel; Thompson, Stacey Lee; Isabel, Nathalie

doi:10.1111/jeb.13174

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Among forest trees, the genome of Populus trichocarpa was the first to be sequenced [9]; therefore, there have been relatively more studies on its genetic information, including its genetic diversity and population structure [10,11]. In addition, similar studies have been carried out on other tree species, such as P. nigra L. [12][13][14], P. simonii [15], P. tremuloides [16], P. balsamifera [17], P. cathayana Rehd [18], P. euphratica [19], P. tomentosa [20] and P. szechuanica var. tibetica [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

et al. 2020

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Background: Black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the keystone forest tree species, and has become the main breeding parents in poplar hybrid breeding. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of the introduced resources are not fully understood. Results: In the present study, five loci containing null alleles were excluded and 15 pairs of SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 384 individuals from six provenances (Missouri, Iowa, Washington, Louisiana, and Tennessee (USA), and Quebec in Canada) of P. deltoides. Ultimately, 108 alleles (N a) were detected; the expected heterozygosity (H e) per locus ranged from 0.070 to 0.905, and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.535. The provenance 'Was' had a relatively low genetic diversity, while 'Que', 'Lou', and 'Ten' provenances had high genetic diversity, with Shannon's information index (I) above 1.0. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (F st) and gene flow (N m) were 0.129 and 1.931, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.88% of the genetic variation originated from individuals. Based on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE cluster analysis, individuals distributed in the Mississippi River Basin were roughly classified as one group, while those distributed in the St. Lawrence River Basin and Columbia River Basin were classified as another group. The cluster analysis based on the population level showed that provenance 'Iow' had a small gene flow and high degree of genetic differentiation compared with the other provenances, and was classified into one group. There was a significant relationship between genetic distance and geographical distance. Conclusions: P. deltoides resources have high genetic diversity and there is a moderate level of genetic differentiation among provenances. Geographical isolation and natural conditions may be the main factors causing genetic differences among individuals. Individuals reflecting population genetic information can be selected to build a core germplasm bank. Meanwhile, the results could provide theoretical support for the scientific management and efficient utilization of P. deltoides genetic resources, and promote the development of molecular marker-assisted breeding of poplar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

et al. 2020

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“…Almost all species show some form of genetic structure in the distribution of genetic variation. Be it a herb with an extremely limited distribution (Freville et al 2001), a widely distributed tree species (Meirmans et al 2017), or a planktonic species from the open ocean (Peijnenburg and Goetze 2013), there may be surprising genetic discontinuities across a species' range. Patterns of population structure can take many forms, from simple gradients resulting from limited dispersal to complex hierarchical patterns resulting from ecological adaptation to local conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsampling reveals that unbalanced sampling affects Structure results in a multi-species dataset

Meirmans

2018

Heredity

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Studying the genetic population structure of species can reveal important insights into several key evolutionary, historical, demographic, and anthropogenic processes. One of the most important statistical tools for inferring genetic clusters is the program STRUCTURE. Recently, several papers have pointed out that STRUCTURE may show a bias when the sampling design is unbalanced, resulting in spurious joining of underrepresented populations and spurious separation of overrepresented populations. Suggestions to overcome this bias include subsampling and changing the ancestry model, but the performance of these two methods has not yet been tested on actual data. Here, I use a data set of 12 high-alpine plant species to test whether unbalanced sampling affects the STRUCTURE inference of population differentiation between the European Alps and the Carpathians. For four of the 12 species, subsampling of the Alpine populations-to match the sample size between the Alps and the Carpathians-resulted in a drastically different clustering than the full data set. On the other hand, STRUCTURE results with the alternative ancestry model were indistinguishable from the results with the default model. Based on these results, the subsampling strategy seems a more viable approach to overcome the bias than the alternative ancestry model. However, subsampling is only possible when there is an a priori expectation of what constitute the main clusters. Though these results do not mean that the use of STRUCTURE should be discarded, it does indicate that users of the software should be cautious about the interpretation of the results when sampling is unbalanced.

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“…Different studies showed that spatial separation of Populus spp. populations is governed by historical processes, mainly by events in the Pleistocene and Holocene (Keller et al, 2010;Macaya-Sanz et al, 2012;Dewoody et al, 2015;Meirmans et al, 2017;Fan et al, 2018). Therefore, the variability of P. laurifolia population structure in the Tom River basin is the subject for a further extended research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenetic Analysis of Populus Nigra, P. Laurifolia and P. × Jrtyschensis in Natural Hybridization Zone

Klimov¹

2018

Vestn. VOGiS

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The wide spread of hybridization in the genus Populus, including spontaneous hybridization, caused by cultivars, requires studying the variability and inheritance of morphological traits by hybrids for initial tracking of these processes. The analysis of endogenous, intra- and inter-population variability was performed on 533 individual poplar trees in seven populations of P. nigra, seven populations of P. laurifolia and four populations of P. × jrtyschensis in the Tom river basin. On each specimen, 15 leaves from short mid-crown branches were collected to determine the shape of the leaf blade, the shape of its tip and base, as well as the branch morphotype. Some biometric indicators were proposed for geometric assessment of the leaf blade shapes of poplar species. The analysis showed that of all the traits examined only the leaf blade shape did not meet the criterion for “phene”, since it is usually represented by several forms in the crown of one and the same tree. In all the species studied, the level of their intra-population diversity was found to be much higher than the inter-population one. According to the increase of intra-population variability of qualitative traits, the taxa could be ranked as P. nigra < P. laurifolia < P. × jrtyschensis. The share of inter-population diversity differed among the species studied, accounting for 21.5% in P. laurifolia, 13.8% in P. nigra and 8.0% in P. × jrtyschensis. The P. laurifolia populations showed the greatest inter-population differentiation, most likely because of a disjunct distribution due to narrow specialization to the montane river environment. The lower differentiation in P. nigra is probably due to the facts that this species dominates the poplar stands of the Tom River basin; its populations are not fragmented and are linked by vast gene flow. In P. nigra, an increase in the diversity of qualitative characteristics and phenotypes was observed in populations confined to hybridization centers. Natural selection is most likely the factor governing the inter-population differentiation in P. × jrtyschensis, leading to the predominance of F1 hybrids in populations and hence to a sharp decrease in inter-population variability.

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History rather than hybridization determines population structure and adaptation in Populus balsamifera

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

Genetic diversity and population structure of black cottonwood (Populus deltoides) revealed using simple sequence repeat markers

Subsampling reveals that unbalanced sampling affects Structure results in a multi-species dataset

Phenetic Analysis of Populus Nigra, P. Laurifolia and P. × Jrtyschensis in Natural Hybridization Zone

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