History of the Use of Nitroxides (Aminoxyl Radicals) in Biochemistry: Past, Present and Future of Spin Label and Probe Method

Berliner, Lawrence J.

doi:10.5772/45779

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…NO radicals have a general structure of R 2 N–O • ↔ R 2 N •+ –O – and are officially called aminoxyl radicals . Although IUPAC does not recommend the nomenclature “nitroxide”, , this is how they are widely known, and the term is used by many specialists . Di- tert -butylnitroxide and Fremy’s salt are early examples of nitroxides whose spin characteristics were analyzed by ESR (Scheme ).…”

Section: Redox Processes Of Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Di- tert -butylnitroxide and Fremy’s salt are early examples of nitroxides whose spin characteristics were analyzed by ESR (Scheme ). The nitroxide groups are protected by bulky methyl or sulfonyl groups from unfavorable radical side reactions. In the 1960s, more robust radicals, such as TEMPO, 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine 1-oxyl (PROXYL), and 2-azaadamantane N -oxyl (AZADO) were synthesized by fixing the rotation of nitroxide bonds in aliphatic cyclic compounds …”

Section: Redox Processes Of Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Hatakeyama-Sato,

Oyaizu

2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Persistent radicals can hold their unpaired electrons even under conditions where they accumulate, leading to the unique characteristics of radical ensembles with open-shell structures and their molecular properties, such as magneticity, radical trapping, catalysis, charge storage, and electrical conductivity. The molecules also display fast, reversible redox reactions, which have attracted particular attention for energy conversion and storage devices. This paper reviews the electrochemical aspects of persistent radicals and the corresponding macromolecules, radical polymers. Radical structures and their redox reactions are introduced, focusing on redox potentials, bistability, and kinetic constants for electrode reactions and electron self-exchange reactions. Unique charge transport and storage properties are also observed with the accumulated form of redox sites in radical polymers. The radical molecules have potential electrochemical applications, including in rechargeable batteries, redox flow cells, photovoltaics, diodes, and transistors, and in catalysts, which are reviewed in the last part of this paper.

show abstract

Section: Redox Processes Of Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Redox Processes Of Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Hatakeyama-Sato,

Oyaizu

2023

Chem. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Synthesis of spin-labeled bispidines

Zakirov,

Medved’ko,

Troshin

et al. 2024

Russ Chem Bull

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

History of the Use of Nitroxides (Aminoxyl Radicals) in Biochemistry: Past, Present and Future of Spin Label and Probe Method

Cited by 2 publications

References 37 publications

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

Synthesis of spin-labeled bispidines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About