History of the study of human body composition: A brief review

Wang, ZiMian; Wang, Zhongming; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1999)11:2<157::aid-ajhb3>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…8 The conceptual framework and mathematical algorithms required for cross-sec4tional image reconstruction were developed earlier by Raden in 1917 9 and subsequently by Cormack in 1963. 1 Physical basis. The basic CT system as originally conceived by Hounsfield consists of an X-ray tube and receiver that rotate in a plane perpendicular to the subject.…”

Section: Imaging Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Sanctorius, working in the early seventeenth century, was among the first to quantify insensible body water loss through his careful longitudinal weight measurements ( Figure 1). 1 Progress through the first half of the twentieth century provided investigators with advanced body composition methods that partitioned body weight into two body compartments, fat and lean body mass, now referred to as fat-free mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism

Heymsfield

2008

Int J Obes

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Body composition studies were first recorded around the time of the renaissance, and advances by the mid-twentieth century facilitated growth in the study of physiology, metabolism and pathological states. The field developed during this early period around the 'two-compartment' molecular level model that partitions body weight into fat and fat-free mass. Limited use was also made of X-rays as a means of estimating fat-layer thickness, but the revolutionary advance was brought about by the introduction of three-dimensional images provided by computed tomography (CT) in the mid 1970s, followed soon thereafter by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Complete in vivo reconstruction of all major anatomic body compartments and tissues became possible, thus providing major new research opportunities. This imaging revolution has continued to advance with further methodology refinements including functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and combined methods such as positron emission tomography þ CT or MRI. The scientific advances made possible by these new and innovative methods continue to unfold today and hold enormous promise for the future of obesity research.

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Section: Imaging Revolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism

Heymsfield

2008

Int J Obes

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“…Shen et al (1) and Wang et al (2) have written detailed chronological accounts of the history of body composition knowledge. Fundamental discoveries that have informed present-day measurement can be tracked back to the mid-1800s.…”

Section: Early Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Body Composition and Health: Through Imaging Analysis: 2007 Ryley-Jeffs Memorial Lecture

McCargar

2007

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

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From calipers to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we have come a long way in our ability to analyze body composition. Some historical milestones are a reminder that many concepts in muscle and fat metabolism, and their measurement, have stood the test of time. However, newer imaging technology has improved our understanding of population heterogeneity in body composition, and the potential health problems associated with certain body composition phenotypes. Imaging analyses, such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, and MRI, have provided detailed characterization of the type and amount of fat deposited centrally (abdominal adipose tissue), the trajectory of losses in muscle tissue (sarcopenia), and the combination of low muscle mass/high fat mass (sarcopenic obesity). The last is a new emerging health concern because the presence of these two disproportionate tissue depots may have an additive effect on increasing morbidity. Ongoing measurement of body composition is needed, and preliminary research suggests this may have important nutritional implications. RésuméDes pinces pour mesurer le pli cutané à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), nous avons accompli de grands progrès dans notre capacité à analyser la composition corporelle. Certains repères historiques nous rappellent que de nombreux concepts relatifs au métabolisme et à la mesure de la masse musculaire et adipeuse ont résisté au passage du temps. Cependant, de nouvelles techniques d'imagerie ont amélioré notre compréhen-sion de l'hétérogénéité de la population quant à la composition corporelle et des problèmes de santé potentiels associés à certains phénotypes de composition corporelle. L'absorptiométrie biphotonique à rayons X, la tomodensitométrie et l'IRM, par exemple, permettent de caractériser en détail le type et la quantité de tissu adipeux déposée au centre du corps (tissu adipeux abdominal), la trajectoire des pertes de tissu musculaire (sarcopénie) et la combinaison d'une perte de masse musculaire et d'une forte masse adipeuse (obésité sarcopénique). Cette dernière condition est apparue récemment comme objet de préoccupation en santé publique, car ces deux dépôts de tissus disproportionnés peuvent conjuguer leurs effets pour accroître la morbidité. Il est néces-saire de poursuivre les mesures de la composition corporelle, et les recherches préliminaires portent à croire qu'elles pourraient avoir d'importantes répercussions en nutrition. For decades, measurement of body composition has been an important component of nutritional assessment. Various techniques have been used to obtain information beyond height and weight. Height and weight can give measures of mass, surface area, and a body mass index (BMI), but these do not provide differential information on the absolute or relative amounts of bone, lean tissue, and fat tissue. With newer imaging techniques for body composition measurement, fat and lean tissue type, amount, distribution, and change over time can be accurately quantified.Methods of body com...

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“…Early in his career, while at Emory, Dr. Heymsfield introduced new nonvolitional feeding methods for managing malnourished hospitalized patients , and he centered his research around models of energy balance and body composition . He served as president of the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in 1984 and then as president of the American Society of Clinical Nutrition in 2001.…”

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confidence: 99%

Steven B. Heymsfield, MD: Incoming President, The Obesity Society, 2018‐2019

2018

Obesity

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History of the study of human body composition: A brief review

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism

Development of imaging methods to assess adiposity and metabolism

New Insights into Body Composition and Health: Through Imaging Analysis: 2007 Ryley-Jeffs Memorial Lecture

Steven B. Heymsfield, MD: Incoming President, The Obesity Society, 2018‐2019

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